1、职称英语综合类 A 级分类模拟 3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：7，分数：100.00)Even Intelligent People Can FailThe striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Oce
2、an, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns. We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison“s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in N
3、ew Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his
4、design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882. “Many of life“s failures,“ the supreme innovator said, “are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.“ Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about elec
5、tric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work. No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company“s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is “You on
6、ly fail when you quit.“ Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that
7、 he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car. Failure is harder to bear in today“s open accelerated world.
8、Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen“s company) and the Titanic (the ship that wen
9、t down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn“t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Importance of learning from failure B. Quality shared by most innovators C. Edison“s
10、 Innovation D. Edison“s comment on failure E. Contributions made by innovators F. Miseries endured by innovators（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.50）(5).People often didn“t realize how close they were to success when 1. A. he developed 3,000 theor
11、ies B. he couldn“t afford to buy a pair of shoes C. he found himself an unsuccessful man D. they quitted E. an innovation should work immediately F. failure is the mother of success（分数：1.50）(6).Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car, 1.（分数：1.50）(7).Walt Disney was once so poor that 1
12、.（分数：1.50）(8).The media demand that 1.（分数：1.50）Things to Know about the UKFrom Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It“s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashi
13、ons, fine dining, clubbing, shoppingthe UK is among the world“s best. Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you“re one of these people, you“d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might mor
14、e readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It“s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK. Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestic
15、ally. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London“s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are ch
16、eaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London“s underground is called the Tube. It“s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city. The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English food
17、s. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd“s pie an
18、d Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture. Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, o
19、r a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Education B. People
20、 C. Transport D. Drinks E. Food F. Nightlife（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.50）(5).The UK is a country that is 1. A. faster but more expensive than buses B. both ancient and modern C. humorous and hospitable D. cheap and efficient E. traditional
21、 and famous F. clever and hardworking（分数：1.50）(6).The British people are 1.（分数：1.50）(7).Coaches in the UK are 1.（分数：1.50）(8).Fish and chips are 1.（分数：1.50）Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together“Team working“ is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can“t ge
22、t away from “teams“ that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team. There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly
23、 realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they
24、 may come across in the process. Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion
25、within the team or share it with other employees? This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required. It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouragi
26、ng. It also makes no sensepeople that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions. Most excellent teams are
27、well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals“ strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing resp
28、onsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. ALeadership B. Conflict Solving COpen Communication DRespect to All Team Members EMeasuring Progress Against Goals FCommon Goals with Ch
29、allenging Target（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.50）(5).The team members should be well prepared for 1. A. deal with some difficult problems B. respect junior team members C. junior team members D. the possible difficulties E. help team members o
30、vercome their weaknesses F. the common target goals（分数：1.50）(6).Team members must freely express themselves so as to 1.（分数：1.50）(7).People always think that less contributions can be made by 1.（分数：1.50）(8).A good leader should be able to 1.（分数：1.50）The Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals(个人)should p
31、ay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for
32、 it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers“ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers
33、lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly l
34、azy. If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
35、 Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because gradua
36、tes are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn“t mean that they sh
37、ould get free higher education. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.（分数：16.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Graduates“ contribution to economy doesn“t guarantee their free education B. It“s no good for universities to get financial support from
38、government C. Teachers pay more attention to their academic research D. Higher education should be paid by individuals themselves E. The businesses also contribute to the national economy F. Students paying the education fee demand more from teachers（分数：2.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：2.00）(3).Paragraph
39、3 1.（分数：2.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.00）(5).Social mobility always depends on 1. A. teachers take teaching seriously B. the possession of a university degree C. non-graduates earn less than graduates D. the development of national economy E. they receive money from the government F. students are laz
40、y（分数：2.00）(6).Adam Smith despised universities of 18th-century because 1.（分数：2.00）(7).It is worth celebrating if 1.（分数：2.00）(8).Both graduates and businesses contribute to 1.（分数：2.00）Games Are Not Just GamesWhy play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules.planning yo
41、ur next move.acting as a team member.these are all “game“ ideas that you will come across throughout your life. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life in
42、to exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作). Many children“s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do a
43、s grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting. Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take
44、 part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
45、Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play itsome for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor
46、 children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.（分数：16.00）(1).Paragraph 2
47、1. A. Sports games make people be proud of their country B. Games are entertaining C. Sports strengthen people as a whole D. Games can teach children necessary rules E. Games give people hope F. Games help prepare children for their future job（分数：2.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：2.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数
48、：2.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：2.00）(5).Games like rope-jumping and hide-and-seek can teach children about 1. A. hands and eyes B. basketball C. taking turns and cooperating D. hands and feet E. national pride F. football（分数：2.00）(6).The game, bones, can practice the children“s coordination of 1.（分数：2.
49、00）(7).Olympic Games can stimulate people“s 1.（分数：2.00）(8).The most popular sport around the world is 1.（分数：2.00）Customer “Delight“In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer “delight“ is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share. It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, w
