1、职称英语综合类 A 级-补全短文专项突破及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：4，分数：100.00)American DreamsThere is a common response to America among foreign writers: the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a clich (陈词滥调).In the land of black and white, people
2、 should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. (1) No class system or government stands in the way.Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fu
3、ndamental shift in the structure of the American economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. (2) Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent. For the top 1 per cent, however, it has gone up 200 per cent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of
4、 Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. (3) Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969. (4) This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. T
5、he wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 per cent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on Americas rich is falling, not growing. (5) There was
6、an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.A. Nobody is poor in the US.B. The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.C. For upper class famil
7、ies they have risen 41 per cent.D. Now it is 9. 8 times.E. As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.F. All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_GarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜).
8、 The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. (1) They also thought it wo
9、uld keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. (2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they cant pass germs on to each other.(3) What if youre in a play, f
10、or instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldnt stand the garlic smell on a fellow actors breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. (4
11、) We now know why. Its been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tast
12、ing strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. (5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup tu
13、rns out to be delicious. Its not strong at all.A. But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help much.B. As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C. They say it may help in one way, though.D. Many people eat garlic.E. But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F. The
14、y hoped it would keep away the evil eye.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Read With Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty reading in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.At least one out of every five elementary school studen
15、ts in the U. S. has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. (1) Researchers from Yale University, U.S., studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State. As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring.Every day, instructors w
16、orked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). (2) By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.As part of their
17、 study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students brains.(3) This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower
18、 level readers, this structure remains inactive.A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had cone through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests. (4) However, some researchers still doubt the study. (5) A. Many adults are interested i
19、n matching sounds with letters.B. The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling.C. The biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters.D. Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didnt show the same progress.E.
20、The pictures showed an increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side.F. They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Why Would They Falsely Confess ?Why on earth would an innocent person
21、falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesnt seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room.Under the right conditions, peoples minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects d
22、uring police grillings (盘问) is enormous. (1) “The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise its impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didnt do. The answer is. to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess. “Developmenta
23、l psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didnt do. (2) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the “alt“ key to see if they would sign a statement falsely
24、 taking responsibility.Redlichs findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess. 59 per cent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. (3) Of the 15-to-16-year-olds, 72 per cent signed confessions, as did 78 per cent of the 12-to-13-year-olds.“Ther
25、es no question that young people are more at risk,“ says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. (4) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire “ interrogation“ in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of ag
26、gressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. (5) A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and tol
27、d not to hit the “alt“ key, because doing so would crash the systems.B. “In some ways,“ says Kassin, “false confession becomes a rational decision. “C. “ Its a little like somebodys working on them with a dental (牙齿的) drill,“ says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at
28、Berkeley.D. “But adults are highly vulnerable too. “E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didnt do?F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_职称英语综合类 A 级-补全短文专项突破答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90
29、分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：4，分数：100.00)American DreamsThere is a common response to America among foreign writers: the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a clich (陈词滥调).In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of
30、 the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. (1) No class system or government stands in the way.Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the Amer
31、ican economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. (2) Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent. For the top 1 per cent, however, it has gone up 200 per cent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times t
32、hat of the bottom fifth. (3) Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969. (4) This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now c
33、ontrol a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 per cent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on Americas rich is falling, not growing. (5) There was an economic theory holding that the rich spe
34、nding more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.A. Nobody is poor in the US.B. The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.C. For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.D. Now it is
35、 9. 8 times.E. As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.F. All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：GarlicFrom early times man has u
36、sed garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. (1) They al
37、so thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. (2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they cant pass germs on to each other.(3) What if yo
38、ure in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldnt stand the garlic smell on a fellow actors breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the sme
39、ll of garlic. (4) We now know why. Its been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without
40、smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. (5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange
41、way. The soup turns out to be delicious. Its not strong at all.A. But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help much.B. As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C. They say it may help in one way, though.D. Many people eat garlic.E. But keeping your distance can be hard
42、 at times.F. They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：2o C）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：Read With Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty reading in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters co
43、uld speed up your brain.At least one out of every five elementary school students in the U. S. has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. (1) Researchers from Yale University, U.S., studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State. As part of the
44、study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring.Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). (2) By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and underst
45、ood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.As part of their study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students brains.(3) This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a
46、 structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure remains inactive.A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had cone through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests. (4) Howev
47、er, some researchers still doubt the study. (5) A. Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters.B. The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling.C. The biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters.D. Another group in the study who w
48、ent through a more traditional reading program didnt show the same progress.E. The pictures showed an increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side.F. They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：填空项 1:_
