1、职称英语综合类 A级-59 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards .（分数：1.00）A.payB.prizesC.awardsD.results2.After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her personal opinion.（分数：
2、1.00）A.specialB.individualC.singleD.alone3.Every new venture has the possibility of making or losing money.（分数：1.00）A.eventB.projectC.adventureD.expectation4.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents“ consent .（分数：1.00）A.orderB.convictionC.permitD.compromis
3、e5.We were shocked to find that Mary didn“t know her guest“s name.（分数：1.00）A.frustratedB.disturbedC.relievedD.surprised6.I wasn“t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow .（分数：1.00）A.besidesB.anywayC.wellD.anymore7.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.（分数：1.00）A.mixed
4、B.spreadC.beatenD.covered8.Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.demandC.obtainD.postpone9.Although the working mother is very busy, she still devotes a lot of time to her children.（分数：1.00）A.dedicatesB.spendsC.offersD.provides10.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charle
5、ston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.demandedB.elicitedC.extractedD.defied11.His claims seem credible to many people.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.convincingC.practicalD.reliable12.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.（分数：
6、1.00）A.postedB.sentC.handedD.given13.I hope that I didn“t do anything absurd last night.（分数：1.00）A.awkwardB.strangeC.stupidD.awful14.She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.（分数：1.00）A.declaresB.assertsC.announcesD.describes15.Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gang
7、sters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.（分数：1.00）A.violent criminalsB.politiciansC.musiciansD.industrialists二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Northern LightsThe sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun“s gravity cannot hold its atmo
8、sphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger t
9、he solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don“t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become t
10、rapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth“s magnetic field, the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles call
11、ed electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth“s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and
12、 nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the
13、sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers
14、above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the N
15、orthern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!（分数：7.00）(1).The Sun“s gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the at
16、tack by the solar wind.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earth“s protective magnetic field in the future.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earth“s atmospher
17、e at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year
18、 to watch the Northern Lights.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Smoke Gets in Your Mind1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defectswe are
19、all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite literally, drive you to despair. 2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to l
20、ift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia. 3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion
21、 people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness
22、. 4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark
23、 the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister is going on. 5. A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. “We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also s
24、tarting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,“ says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit. 6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a gro
25、up of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased the ten
26、dency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking, it seems, could predate illness. 7. At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them
27、depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression. 8. One of these larger studies was le
28、d by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a ye
29、ar her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behavior, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least
30、one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. “Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms.
31、“ 9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. It“s a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit, not when th
32、ey smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragragh 3 1 A. Doubt about the Usual Belief B. Researchers“ Opinions Divided C. Positive Effects of Sm
33、oking as Advertised D. Close Association Between Depression and Smoking E. Breslau“s Conclusion Supported by Another Larger Study F. Effect of Smoking on Mental Health Initially Proved（分数：1.00）(2).Paragragh 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragragh 6 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragragh 8 1（分数：1.00）(5).Nowadays many doctors hav
34、e become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to people“s physical health 1 A. have been proved to be misleading B. but to their mental health as well C. taking up smoking D. involved fewer people E. they started to smoke at an early age F. but their level of anxiety increases when they quite smo
35、king（分数：1.00）(6).The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety 1（分数：1.00）(7).Breslau“s study 1 than Goodman“s but lasted longer.（分数：1.00）(8).To contradict Breslau“s conclusion, many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总
36、题数：1，分数：15.00)Photos Big Business NowPhotos that you might have found down the back of your sofa are now big business! In 2005, the American artist Richard Prince“s photograph of a photographer, Untitled (Cow- boy), was sold for $1,248,000. Prince is certainly not the only contemporary artist to hav
37、e worked with so-called “found photographs“a loose term given to everything from discarded(丢弃的) prints discovered in a junk shop to old advertisements or amateur photographs from a stranger“s family album. The German artist Joachim Schmid, who believes “basically everything is worth looking at“, has
38、 gathered discarded photographs, postcards and newspaper images since 1982. In his on-going project, Archiv, he groups photographs of family life according to themes: people with dogs; teams; new cars; dinner with the family; and so on. Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazine
39、s also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born on one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for someone else: “Why“s your car HERE at HER place?“ The note became the starting point for Ro
40、thbard“s addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such as poster discovered in our drawer. The whole found-photograph phenomenon has raised some questions. Perhaps one of the most difficult is: can these images really be considered as art? And if so, whose art? Yet
41、 found photographs produced by artists, such Richard Prince, may riding his horse hurriedly to meet someone? Or how did Prince create this photograph? It“s anyone“s guess. In addition, as we imagine the back-story to the people in the found photographs artists, like Schmid, have collated (整理), we al
42、so turn toward to our own photographic albums. Why is memory so important to us? Why do we all seek to freeze in time the faces of our children, our parents, our lovers, and ourselves? Will they mean anything to anyone after we“ve gone? In the absence of established facts, the vast collections of fo
43、und photographs give our minds an opportunity to wander freely. That, above all, is why they are so fascinating.（分数：15.00）(1).The first paragraph of the passage is used to _.（分数：3.00）A.remind readers of found photographsB.advise readers to start a new kind of businessC.ask readers to find photograph
44、s behind sofaD.show readers the value of found photographs(2).According to the passage, Joachim Schmid _.（分数：3.00）A.is fond of collecting family life photographsB.found a complaining not under his car wiperC.is working for several self-published magazinesD.wondered at the artistic nature of found ph
45、otographs(3).The underlined word “them“ in Para 4 refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the readersB.the editorsC.the found photographsD.the self-published magazines(4).By asking a series of questions in Para 5, the author mainly intends to indicate that _.（分数：3.00）A.memory of the past is very important to peopleB
46、.found photographs allow people to think freelyC.the back-story of found photographs is puzzlingD.the real value of found photographs is questionable(5).The author“s attitude towards to found photographs can be described as _.（分数：3.00）A.criticalB.doubtfulC.optimisticD.satisfied六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)M
47、ilosevic“s DeathFormer Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002. Born in provincial Pozarevac in 1941, he was the second son of
48、 a priest and a school teacher. Both of his parents died when he was still a young adult. The young Milosevic was “untypical“, says Slavolub Djukic, his unofficial biographer. He was “not interested in sports, avoided excursions (短途旅行) and used to come to school dressed in the old-fashioned waywhite
49、 shirt and tie.“ One of his old friends said, he could “imagine him as a station-master or punctilious (一丝不苟) civil servant.“ Indeed that is exactly what he might have become, had he not married Mira. She was widely believed to be his driving force. At university and beyond he did well. He worked for various firms and was a communist party member. By 1986 he was head of Serbia“s Central Committee. But still he had not yet really been noticed. It was Kosovo that gave him his chance. An autonomous province of Serbia, Kosovo was home to an Albanian majority and a Serbi
