1、职称英语综合类 A 级-58 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.suffererB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers2.When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor caught my eye.（分数：1.00）A.metB.absorbC.drewD.attracted3.Fred is
2、 second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he hardly passed the last exam.（分数：1.00）A.easilyB.difficultlyC.actuallyD.successfully4.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment
3、 for children.（分数：1.00）A.an easyB.a playfulC.an openD.a better5.The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.（分数：1.00）A.destroyedB.brokeC.changedD.smashed6.The ship was wrecked in a storm off Jamaica.（分数：1.00）A.drownedB.sunkC.destroyedD.submitted7.Despite all the evidenc
4、es to the contrary, the witness stuck out that his story was true.（分数：1.00）A.persevered inB.stood outC.kept downD.held up8.This sort of thing is bound to happen.（分数：1.00）A.sureB.quickC.fastD.swift9.I wrote him a letter to show my appreciation of his thoughtfulness.（分数：1.00）A.achievementB.agreementC.
5、attentionD.gratitude10.The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.（分数：1.00）A.simply uselessB.really practicalC.very littleD.extremely useful11.From my s tandpoint , this thing is just ridiculous.（分数：1.00）A.point of viewB.fieldC.knowledgeD.information12.The standards set four years ago i
6、n Seoul will be far below the athletes“ capabilities now.（分数：1.00）A.capacitiesB.strengthsC.possibilitiesD.abilities13.The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.（分数：1.00）A.killedB.caughtC.foundD.failed14.The firemen managed to extinguish the fire in time.（分数：1.00）A.stopB.preventC
7、.suppressD.ruin15.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached.（分数：1.00）A.boundaryB.skeletonC.enclosureD.material二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mother Nature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into
8、Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go
9、 up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. O
10、ther trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Psychic was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to
11、go to the basement for protection.“ The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The
12、 storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire truck
13、s, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuat
14、ed (搬走). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.“（分数：7.00）(1).The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2
15、).George Snyder was a firefighter.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There had not b
16、een such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Several people were missing during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总
17、题数：1，分数：8.00)60th Anniversary Ceremony in Moscow1. With thousands of soldiers and war veterans parading across Moscow“s Red Square and fighter jets screaming overhead, Russia celebrated the 60th anniversary of defeating Nazi Germany. More than 50 world leaders, including China“s President Hu Jintao,
18、 attended the ceremony. 2. Speaking at the start of the parade, Russia“s President Vladimir Putin praised all those who fought for freedom and independence. “The war shows that resorting to force to solve problems will result in tragedy for the world, so a peaceful order should be safeguarded (护卫) b
19、ased on security, justice and cultural exchange,“ Putin said. “Faced with the real threat of terrorism today, we must remain faithful to the memory of our fathers. It is our duty to defend a world order based on security and justice and on a new culture of relations among nations that will not allow
20、 a repeat of any war, neither “cold“ nor “hot“,“ he continued. 3. The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic (灾难性的) event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the world“s people at that time, from 61 countries, and claimed 55 million lives. 4. After the celebrat
21、ion, President Hu said that peace, development and cooperation were the future. “China will unswervingly (坚定地), follow the road of peace and development and will make a joint effort with all nations to contribute to safeguarding world peace and promoting development,“ he said. 5. German Chancellor G
22、erhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted (造成) during the Second World War in an article in Sunday“s Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. “Today we ask forgiveness for the suffering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the hands of Germans and in
23、the name of Germans,“ Schroeder said. 6. President Hu and the other leaders also joined a wreath (花圈) laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers on Monday.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Gloomy world B. Putin“s commemorating speech C. China“s determination D. Schroeder“s plea for forgiveness
24、E. World“s worst disaster F. Pacific war（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Russia celebrated 1. A. 61 countries B. a wreath laying ceremony C. the 60th anniversary of its victory over Nazi Germany D. the road of peace and development E. 55 mill
25、ion people of their lives F. an opening ceremony（分数：1.00）(6).World War Two deprived 1.（分数：1.00）(7).China pledges herself to follow 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The world leaders finally attended 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers
26、“Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants(蚂蚁) have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity “asecosystem engineers“ and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environme
27、nt. Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain. Secondly, they prey on a wide range
28、of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers. Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university“s Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said: “Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They“re also very territorial and very
29、aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.“ “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, the
30、ir presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local enviromnent, having a big influence on the grassland food web.“ Sanders said. The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combi
31、nations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomp
32、osers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence. Dr. Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said: “What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,
33、 but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effectthereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.“ Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ec
34、osystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of any services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes
35、 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.（分数：15.00）(1).Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?（分数：3.00）A.Because they build their own nests.B.Because they collect food.C.Because their activity
36、 affects the environment.D.Because they are predators.(2).As predators, ants _.（分数：3.00）A.prey on small as well as large animalsB.collects nutritious food from the soilC.collects food as decomposersD.prey on species much higher up the food chain(3).Dirk Sanders“ study centered on how ants _.（分数：3.00
37、）A.can manage to thrive in huge numbersB.defend their resources and territory against other predatorsC.attack those invading animals for survivalD.produce such a big impact on the environment(4).What does Paragraph 6 tell us?（分数：3.00）A.Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their popu
38、lation is small.B.Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C.Ants“ predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D.At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.(5).What still remains unclear about ants, according to th
39、e last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?B.How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?C.How do human activities affect ants“ influence on a given ecosystem?D.How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)
40、Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it? The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date. Scientists have already extended the lives of flies, worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think th
41、at using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams, spending time with our loved ones, watching our families grow and have families of their own. “Longer life would give u
42、s a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking,“ says Dr. Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health. “It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work.“ Longer lives don“t just affect the people who live them. They also affect soc
43、iety as a whole. “We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I don“t think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,“ says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan. “The question is “What will we get as a society?“ I suspect it won“t be a better society.“ It would certainly b
44、e a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same t
45、ime? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents, or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that si
46、bling came from a completely different generation. Working life would also be affected, especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill, wisdom and good judgment. On the other hand, more people working for longer wo
47、uld create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss? You
48、ng people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people, and more on making life comfortable for the old. And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. Ther
49、e would be more wisdom, but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact, they are less enthusiastic about everything. The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances, we need to think about these changes now. “If this could ever happen, then we“d better ask what kind of society we want to get,“ says Dan
