1、职称英语综合类 A级-55 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We“ve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.（分数：1.00）A.clearB.regularC.quickD.great2.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.（分数：1.00）
2、A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful3.The offender will be sentenced to life imprisonment.（分数：1.00）A.policemanB.observerC.criminalD.officer4.Not everyone can perceive the gradual change in the writer“s style.（分数：1.00）A.noticeB.describeC.appreciateD.see5.I hope you have left none of your belongings
3、in the hotel.（分数：1.00）A.documentsB.childrenC.clothesD.possessions6.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to shrink .（分数：1.00）A.hardenB.fadeC.contractD.smell7.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.abandonC.strengthenD.exercise8.It might be more prudent to get a second opinio
4、n before going ahead.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.sensibleC.possibleD.feasible9.First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money .（分数：1.00）A.at any priceB.in any languageC.in any countryD.at any place10.The factory is due to be pulled down next year.（分数：1.00）A.rebuiltB.renovatedC
5、.demolishedD.whitewashed11.This medicine may loosen your headache.（分数：1.00）A.improveB.increaseC.strengthenD.relax12.Fear clutched at her heart.（分数：1.00）A.grabbed atB.carried onC.heated upD.carried over13.She has a deeply moving experience during these years.（分数：1.00）A.touchingB.boringC.frighteningD.
6、inspiring14.If there should be human beings on other planets, they would be radically different from Americans.（分数：1.00）A.exactlyB.initiallyC.basicallyD.partially15.Her son has rude associates at school, and they influence him in the wrong direction.（分数：1.00）A.authoritiesB.partnersC.tutorsD.teachers
7、二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)American SportsThe United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found;
8、 and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game. Baseball is the most popular sport in the U.S. It is played thro
9、ughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket. Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than
10、 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and t
11、hey are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur. Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the U.S. and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football bec
12、ause it is played in- doors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly. Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans c
13、all themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble“ primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling
14、is the attraction of horse racing.（分数：7.00）(1).Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the U.S.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.（分数：1.00
15、）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Football can be classified as a spectator sport.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter
16、is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Basketball in America is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because
17、 they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in min
18、d a few simple facts. 2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12 than when kept at 26. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right
19、 temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consum
20、e oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respirat
21、ion is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling
22、 respiration. How is respiration con- trolled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flowers will age more slowly. 5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the
23、 quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink“ water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, househ
24、old chlorine bleach (含漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 AControl of respiration BBeauty of fresh cut flowers CRo
25、le of respiration DThe most important aspect of flower care ENeed for clean water FWays of stopping respiration（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers 1. Aby keeping its original shape and color Bin
26、the life of cut flowers Cto produce carbon dioxide Dfor as long as possible Eby controlling temperature Fto replace the water and solution every day（分数：1.00）(6).Respiration plays a key role 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Another important way to prolong the
27、 life of cut flowers is 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Taxi RidingIn a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question after watching the “Taxicab Confessions“, a series of documentaries in which hidden c
28、ameras record the secrets of unsuspecting taxi riders. I found the results varied. One morning I got into three different taxis and announced: “Well, it“s my first day back in New York in seven years. I“ve been in prison.“ Not a single driver replied, so I tried again. “Yeah, I shot a man in Reno,“
29、I explained, hoping the driver would ask me why, so I could say casually, “Just to watch him die.“ But nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver: “Reno? That is in Nevada?“ Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I“d just been fired. “This is America,“ a Haitian driver
30、said. “One door is closed. Another is open.“ He argued against my plan to burn down my boss“s house: “If you do something silly and they put you away, you cannot look for another job.“ A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope: he refused to take me to the middle of
31、 the George Washington Bridge, a $20 trip. “Why do you want to go there? Go home and relax. Don“t worry. Take a new job.“ One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word “BANK“ on it, I tried hailing a taxi five times outside different banks.
32、 The driver picked me up every time. My ride with Guy-Caaude Thevenain, a Haitian driver, was typical of the superb assistance I received. “Is anyone following us?“ “No,“ said the driver, looking in his rearview mirror at traffic and me. “Let“s go across the park,“ I said, “I just robbed the bank th
33、ere. I got $25,000.“ “$25,000?“ he asked. “Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it?“ “No, man, I work 8 hours and I don“t make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too.“ As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank. “Hey, there“s another bank,“ I said, “could you wait here a
34、minute while I go inside?“ “No, I can“t wait. Pay me now.“ His reluctance may have had something to do with moneytaxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too lowbut I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can“t expect unconditional support.（分数：15.00）(1).From the Ghanaian driver“
35、s response, we can infer that _.（分数：3.00）A.he was indifferent to the killingB.he was afraid of the authorC.he looked down upon the authorD.he thought the author was crazy(2).Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George Washington Bridge?（分数：3.00）A.Because he did
36、n“t want to help the author get over his career crisis.B.Because he wanted to go home and relax.C.Because it was far away from his home.D.Because he suspected that the author was going to commit suicide.(3).What is author“s interpretation of the driver“s reluctance “to wait outside the Chemical bank
37、“?（分数：3.00）A.The driver thought that the rate for waiting time was too low.B.The driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally.C.The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible.D.The driver wanted to go home and relax.(4).Which of the following statements is t
38、rue about New York taxi drivers?（分数：3.00）A.They are ready to help you do whatever you want to.B.They refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves.C.They are sympathetic with those who are out of work.D.They work only for money.(5).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：3.00）A.How to make taxi
39、 riders comfortable.B.How to deal with taxi riders.C.The attitudes of taxi drivers towards the taxi riders having personal crisis.D.The attitudes of taxi drivers towards violent criminals.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ford“s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all o
40、ur lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make carsone, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场). Back in the early 190
41、0s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line“. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyor, a
42、nd each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened. “The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minute
43、s. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.“ Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖、拉) past workers who completed th
44、em one piece at a time. It hasn“t been long before Ford was turning out several hundred and thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up unti
45、l that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow . The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), ev
46、erything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.He introduced a new way of production.B.He influenced all manufacturing.C.He inspired other auto makers.D.He changed a historian“s mind.(2).The writer
47、mentions “slaughterhouses“ because they were the places where _.（分数：3.00）A.Ford“s assembly line originatedB.Ford made his first carC.Ford readjusted the assembly lineD.Ford innovated the disassembly line(3).A magneto is a technical term for _.（分数：3.00）A.an automobileB.a production lineC.a part of an
48、 automobile engineD.a disassembly line(4).The phrase “turning out“ in the fourth paragraph could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.producingB.sellingC.buyingD.fixing(5).The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford _.（分数：3.00）A.to create more jobs for the unemployedB.to write a book on histor
49、yC.to reduce the price of his cars to $260D.to cut the production of his cars by 50%七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Difficult to Have Hard DiscoveriesIf there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil (畏缩) from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today“s scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science. A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science , argues persua
