1、职称英语综合类 A级-50 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He expressed concern that the ship might be in Udistress/U. A. despair B. difficulties C. need D. danger（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.If I made a mistake, I will try to Uremedy/U it. A. clarify B. diagnose C. evaporate D. correct（分数：1.0
2、0）A.B.C.D.3.There was no Ualternative/U but to close the road. A. way B. means C. choice D. reason（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He seems Ubizarre/U these days. A. unusual B. absent-minded C. crazy D. lunatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Were happy to Ucollaborate/U with you in the project. A. compete B. cooperate C. coor
3、dinate D. contend（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Will you please Ucall/U my husband as soon as possible? A. contact B. consult C. phone D. visit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.We have to Uput up with/U her behavior. A. tolerate B. accept C. swallow D. take（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.They have Ugiven up/U the hope to save their friend
4、 from drowning. A. ended B. abandoned C. built D. strengthen（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.I Useldom/U watch TV. A. rarely B. frequently C. normally D. occasionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The dentist has decided to Utake out/U the girls bad tooth. A. dig B. draw C. pull D. extract（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.We Uderive/U in
5、formation mainly from the Internet. A. deprive B. obtain C. descend D. trace（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.His sole Umotive/U was to make her happy. A. aim B. argument C. capability D. pursuit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He could not Utolerate/U the extremes of heat in the desert. A. bear B. hate C. like D. criticize（分
6、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.These factors interact Uintimately/U and cannot be separated. A. tensely B. nearly C. carefully D. closely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The boys Ubroke/U into excited cheering. A. burst B. blasted C. burned D. blazed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Plants and MankindBotany, the
7、 study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This
8、is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in
9、the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants,
10、and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that cer
11、tain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take t
12、heir living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.（分数：7.00）(1).It
13、is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).People can not survive without plants. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach bot
14、any to their children at school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks
15、. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild
16、. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1. Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2. Investigators a
17、t the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they
18、had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers.3. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He
19、 added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance
20、, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how m
21、uch they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep ,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.6. Kripke found that people who sle
22、pt between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help
23、 insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake,“ he said.A. Keprikes Research ToolB. Dangers of Habitual Shortages of SleepC. Criticism on Kripkes ReportD. A Way of Overcoming InsomniaE.
24、 Sleep Problems of Long and Short SleepersF. Classification of Sleep Problems（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to _. A. fall asleep again B. b
25、ecome more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of th
26、e night, unable to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Some Things We Know about LanguageMany things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain
27、 so. But some things we do know.First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never
28、 been a race of men without a language.Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been ten
29、s of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Stud
30、y has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, hut they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third
31、thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not chan
32、ge are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any lang
33、uage.（分数：15.00）(1).In the second paragraph the author thinks that _. A. some backward race doesnt have a language of its own B. some race in history didnt possess a language of its own C. any human race, whether backward or not, has a language D. some races on earth call communicate without language
34、（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have _ languages. A. complicated B. uncivilized C. primitive D. well-known（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are _. A. just as old as some well-known langu
35、ages B. just as sophisticated as some well-known languages C. more developed than some well-known languages D. more complex than some well-known languages（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. A language is a means of expressing a particular culture. B. All languages
36、 can well express their respective cultures. C. American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English. D. Some languages are better than other languages.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in _. A. grammar B. pronunciation C. vocabulary D. into
37、nation（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer s
38、tress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random, where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.The research team
39、 interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees repo
40、rted stress 44 percent of the time.“Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health,“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health
41、 were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.“I
42、f something happens every day, maybe its not seen as a stressor,“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.“（分数：15.00）(1).Stress level is closely related to _. A. family size B. social status C. body weight D. work experience（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The 1,031 adults were interviewed _. A. on a daily basis
43、for 8 days B. during one of eight days C. all by Grzywacz D. in groups（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days? A. People without any education. B. People without high school degrees. C. People with high school degrees. D. People with college degrees.（分数：3.00）A.
44、B.C.D.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greater _. A. the impact of stress on their health is B. the effect of education on their health is C. the level of their education is D. the degree of their health concern is（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly
45、because _. A. they dont want to tell the truth B. they dont want to face the truth C. stress is too common a factor in their life D. their stress is more acute（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Adaptation of Living ThingsCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope wi
46、th their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That re
47、sults in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of p
