1、职称英语综合类 A级-42 及答案解析(总分：87.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Some children display an unquenchable curiosity about every new thing they encounter.Ainsatiable BinherentCindiscriminate Dincredible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He made a considerable sum of money in real estate. A. large B. positive C. p
2、owerful D. realistic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.We shall take the treasure away to a safe place.A. clean B. prettyC. distant D. secure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A. in danger B. in difficulty C. in despair D. out of control（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.It seems highly unli
3、kely that she will pass the exam.A. very B. completely C. usually D. mostly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Canada does not have a state religion, and the separation of church and“ state has been firmly upheld.Aofficially Bformally Ceasily Dsolidly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The sisters cant tolerate, each other.A. bear B
4、. hateC. like D. criticize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Purchasing the new production line will be a profitable deal for the company.A. beneficial B. tremendous C. forceful D. favorable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A. play B. sendC. show D. tell（分数：1.00）A.B.C
5、.D.10.Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A. Simultaneously B. Almost C. Absolutely D. Basically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Did anyone call when I was out?A. everyone B. someoneC. nobody D. anybody（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The beach is an ideal place for
6、 a weekend.A. seaside B. camp C. mountain D. resort area（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It proved that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother.A. turned over B. turned inC. turned down D. turned out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We had a very awful earthquake here last year.Alight BterribleCsli
7、ght Dobvious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In their productions, choreographers of modem dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.A. solved B. exploredC. involved D. disputed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)In Sports, Red is the Winning ColorWhen opp
8、onents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, a
9、nd freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the
10、 bout.“Where there was a large point differencepresumably because one contestant was far superior to the othercolor had no effect on the outcome,“ Barton said. “Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.“In equally matched bouts, the preponderanc
11、e of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrows issue of the journal Nature.Joanna Set
12、chell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporti
13、ng events does not surprise her, adding that “the idea of the study is very clever.“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates“red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,“ Ba
14、rton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the
15、birds dominance.Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that “there might be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.“The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans response to color.Setchell,
16、the primatologist, agrees. “As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when were scared. These are very important signals to other individuals,“ she said.The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports“though it is clearly no
17、t very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least,“ Barton said.He adds that the finding of reds advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached
18、 the pedestal with an unintended advantage.“That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case,“ Barton said.Meanwhile, Setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. “Going by the recent U.S. election results, red is i
19、ndeed quite successful,“ she said.（分数：7.00）(1).Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Male mandril
20、ls use yellow coloration to attract a mate.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(
21、6).Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Blasts from the Past1 Volcanoes were des
22、tructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large
23、 number of animals, but all the mass extinction cover the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.3 Wignall calculated the “killing efficiency“ for these volcanoes by com
24、paring the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is ma
25、rked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 mill
26、ion years for the planet to recover.5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. “The most recent ones hardly hav
27、e an effect at all,“ Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous,265 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because mor
28、e recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the
29、oceans, increasing the amount of CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere.7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic
30、 eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carb
31、on dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.AKilling Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsBAssociation of Mass Extinctions with VolcanicCCalculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsDA Mass ExtinctionEVolcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass ExtinctionFAccounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptio
32、ns（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. Necessity for the Teammates to Improve Their Own SkillsB. Evaluation from Two Different PerspectivesC. Spectacular Performance on the CourtD. Players
33、Houston Cant Do WithoutE. Yao Mings PerformanceF. McGradys Injury（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Weather MapA weather map is an important tool for
34、geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreas
35、ing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All
36、students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. Th
37、e United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day ou
38、tlo6ks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often Set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gain
39、s have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding
40、 of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.（分数：15.00）(1).One characteristic of weather maps not mention
41、ed by the author in this passage is_.Awind speedBthermal changesCfrontsDbarometric pressure（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_.Aupper air levelsBsatellite reportsCchanging frontsDdaily air maps（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The observation of weather conditions by satellit
42、es is advantageous because it_.Agives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwiseBenables man to alter the weatherCuses electronic instrumentsDis modern（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A weather map is synoptic because it_.Asummarizes a great deal of informationBcan be interpreted accuratelyCappear
43、s dailyDshows changing fronts（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_.A30-day “outlook“Bcontrolling stormsCsatellitesDmanipulating weather（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dont Count on Dung (粪)Conservationists (自然保护主义者) may be miscalculating the numbers of t
44、he threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung the creatures leave behind.The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there real
45、ly are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York.Biologist Katy Payne of Comell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees, “We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect, “ says Payne, who electronically
46、 tracks elephants.Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because its extremely difficult to determine these rat
47、es. However, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray (离开
48、正道), says Plumptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighboring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count e
49、lephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, Plumptre says, “However accurate your dung density estimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect the result“.Plumptre also say
