1、职称英语综合类 A级-29 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.John Hanson helped draft instructions far Marylands delegates to the Stamp Act Congress. A. clarify B. formulate C. revise D. contribute（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased
2、 the cost of shipping cargo by water. A. continuously B. quickly C. excessively D. exceptionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors. A. managers B. occupants C. landlords D. caretakers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The majority of people around here are decent peop
3、le. A. honest B. rich C. good-looking D. high-ranking（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches. A. disrupt B. diagnose C. evaporate D. cure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The dentist has decided to extract her had tooth. A. take out B. repair C. pull D. dig（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.W
4、hen doves are about two weeks old, they are covered with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings. A. grow B. wrap C. hide D. test（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.A deadly disease has affected these animals. A. contagious B. serious C. fatal D. worrying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Sulphur has occasionally been found
5、in the earth in an almost pure state. A. regularly B. accidentally C. sometimes D. successfully（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. A. normally B. seldom C. continuously D. usually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Practically all species of animals communicate eit
6、her through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes. A. Simultaneously B. Almost C. Absolutely D. Basically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.You must shine your shoes. A. lighten B. clean C. wash D. polish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A. expre
7、ssive B. physical C. exaggerated D. dubious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed. A. convert B. store C. utilize D. receive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. A. willingly B. suddenly C. firmly D. quickly（分数：1.00）
8、A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Going Back to Its BirthplaceNo sporting event takes hold of the worlds attention and imagination like the Olympic Games The football world Cup fascinates fans in Europe and South America; baseballs World Series is required viewing in North America; and the world ta
9、ble Tennis Championships attracts the most interest in Asia.But the Olympics belong to the whole world. Now, after travelling to 17 countries over 108 years, the summer Games are returning to Athens, the place where the first modern Olympics was held.Participation in the Games is looked on not only
10、as an achievement, but also as an honour. The 16 days between August 13 and 29 will see a record that 202 countries compete up from Sydneys 199. Afghanistan is back, having been banned from Sydney because the Taliban government didnt let women do sports. There is also a place for newcomers East Time
11、r and Kiribati.A total of 10,500 athletes will compete in 28 sports, watched by 53 million ticket paying viewers as well as a television audience of 4 billion.Athens is to use its rich history and culture to make the Olympics as special as possible. The Games will open with cycling events which star
12、t in front of the Parthenon and Acropolis monuments. The final event will be a historic mens marathon following the original route by Phidippides in 490 BC to bring news of victory over the Persians.The ancient stadium at Olympia first used for the Games nearly three centuries ago, will stage the sh
13、ot put competitions. And the Panathenian Stadium, where the first modem Olympics was held, is to host the archery (射箭) events.If the well-known ancient sites deliver a great sense of history to the Games, the 39 new venues add a modem touch to the city of Athens. The main Olympic stadium, with a gia
14、nt glass and steel roof, is the landmark (标志) building of the Olympics.“We believe that we will organize a magical Games.“ said Athens 2004 President Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki. “Our history with the Olympic Games goes back nearly 3,000 years, and Athens 2004 could be the best ever./（分数：7.00）(1).
15、The World Table Tennis Championships attracts the most interest in Asian countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Participation in the Olympic Games is looked upon as an honor as well as an achievement.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Many state leaders will attend the opening ce
16、remony.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Games will open with cycling events because these events will take hold of the worlds attention.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The first modem Olympics was held nearly three centuries ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The Pa
17、nathenian Stadium is the landmark building of Olympics.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Athens 2004 has been proven to be the best Olympic Games.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Washoe Learned American Sign Language1 An animal that influenced scientific
18、thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She
19、 was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scie
20、ntific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?“ Once the news about Wash
21、oe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.3 However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed tr
22、ue language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington.
23、There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believes Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Pa
24、rt of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.5 Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowa
25、daysB Report about Washoes Progress in Learning Sign LanguageC General Information about WashoeD The Gardeners Contributions RecognizedE Debate on Chimps IntelligenceF Washoes Love for Three Young Chimps（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1
26、.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A if the Gardeners argument was soundB because she was cleverer than other chimpsC when she wanted to eatD while she was at a research center in EllensburgE because she could use sign language to ask for fruitsF while Washoe was learning sign language（分数：4
27、.00）(1).Washoe could make signs to communicate _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Some scientists doubted _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Tec
28、hnology Transfer in GermanyWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity has faltered over
29、 the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.Much of the reason for at success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industri
30、al problems and create sought after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money i
31、nto start-up companies.Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrep
32、reneur, the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity, driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound t
33、o go bankrupt within a few years.While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
34、Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers i
35、n the US and Asia.（分数：15.00）(1).What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?（分数：3.00）A.Technology transfer.B.Good management.C.Hard work.D.Fierce competition.(2).Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?（分数：3.00）A.It is free.B.It is profit-driven.C.It is widely av
36、ailable.D.It is curiosity-driven.(3).The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in _.（分数：3.00）A.Asia.B.USA.C.Europe.D.Afric(4).When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?（分数：3.00）A.In 1940.B.Last year.C.After the unification.D.In 1949.(5).The word “expertise“ in line 3 co
37、uld be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“experts“.B.“scientists“.C.“scholars“.D.“special knowledge“.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Star QualityA new anti-cheating system for counting the judges scores in ice skating is flawed, according to leading sports specialists. Ice skatings governing body announced the new
38、 rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced.Initially the judges in the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair, even though they had a fall during their routin
39、e. But the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to Vote for the Russians. The International Olympics Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up (亚军).The ISU, skatings governing body, now says it
40、 intends to change the rules. In future 14 judges will judge each event, but only 7 of their scores, selected at random, will count, the ISU wont finally approve the new system until it meets in June hut already UK Sport, the British Governments sports body has expressed reservations. “I remain to b
41、e convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for“, says Jerry Bingham, UK Sports head of ethics.A random system can still be manipulated, says Mark Dixon, a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Soc
42、iety in London. “The score of one or two judges who have been bribed may still be in the seven selected.“Many other sports that have judges, including diving, gymnastics, and synchronized swimming have a system that discards the highest and lowest scores. If a judge was under pressure to favor a par
43、ticular team, they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team, so their scores wouldnt count. It works for diving, says Jeff Cook, a member of the international government bodys technical committee. “If you remove those at the top and bottom youre left with those in the
44、 middle, youre getting a reasonable average.“Since the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still further. Two separate panels of judges score different rounds of diving during top competitions. Neither panel knows the scores given by the other, “We have done this to head o
45、ff any suggestion of bias.“ says Cook.Bingham urged the ISU to consider other options. “This should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with the problem of adjudicating (裁定) on matter of style and presentation,“ he says.（分数：15.00）(1).Who won the gold medal in the pairs figure-skatin
46、g event?（分数：3.00）A.The Russian pair.B.The Canadian pair.C.Both the Russian pair and the Canadian pair.D.The French pair.(2).According to the new rules proposed by the ISU, which of the following is right?（分数：3.00）A.The number of judges will be doubled.B.Only half of the judges will score.C.Only some
47、 selected judges will score.D.Only half of the scores will count.(3).What does Jerry Bingham express by saying “I remain to be convinced“?（分数：3.00）A.His anger.B.His criticism.C.His agreement.D.His doubt.(4).The attitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISU can be best descri
48、bed as _.（分数：3.00）A.indifferent.B.reserved.C.enthusiastic.D.positiv(5).Which of the following is NOT true of the scoring system for diving?（分数：3.00）A.It is more biased.B.It is more reasonable.C.It is fairer.D.it is tighter.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detectiv
49、e work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, U.S., and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinne
