1、职称英语综合类 A 级-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Seasonal variations in tides are due mainly to the gravitational pull of the moon. A. merely B. mostly C. likewise D. somewhat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Evolution has hardly changed the horseshoe crab over millions of years. A. carefu
2、lly B. probably C. scarcely D. slowly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.An oyster produces a pearl by coating a grain of sand inside its shell with nacre, a secretion of its body. A. makes B. attains C. binds D. cures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The atmosphere, a narrow band of gases surrounding the Earth, is maintained by g
3、ravitational pull. A. clear B. freezing C. thin D. poisonous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Grouping stars by constellations is a handy way of mapping the sky. A. nice B. funny C. manual D. convenient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Genetics is the study of the biological factors that influence heredity and determine variatio
4、n in living things. A. duplicate B. affect C. clarify D. improve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow. A. areas B. rocks C. mountains D. seas（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Enamel, the hardest substance in a human beings body, covers the entire crown of the tooth. A. whole
5、B. inseparable C. superficial D. main（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.There are notices to the contrary, a great deal of technical writing is at best awkward and at worst actually unclear. A. denials B. laws C. attempts D. ideas（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Structurally, the inside of early Christian churches was simple. A
6、. layout B. design C. interior D. content（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Written records seldom tell social scientists all that they want to know about past cultures. A. usually B. frequently C. hardly ever D. never（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Every country represented in the Olympics has a National Olympic Committee th
7、at selects the athletes who compete in the games. A. chooses B. honors C. supports D. trains（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is difficult to get young people to plan for their old age, which seems very distant to them. A. impossible B. faraway C. observable D. fearful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Although fish have no
8、vocal organs, they still are able to make noises. A. signals B. bubbles C. sounds D. ripples（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Glassmaking was the first major industry in the United States. A. profitable B. productive C. sizable D. specialized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mother Nature Shows Her Str
9、engthTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumhull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck
10、and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared, “Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County,
11、 a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it soun
12、ded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. “The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderst
13、orms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to
14、cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Loca
15、l and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them.“This was a really intense storm, “said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. /（分数：7.00）(1).The weather was nice
16、in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).George Snyder was a firefighter.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Power supply system was not dam
17、aged during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Several people were miss
18、ing during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Earth Angels1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the re
19、mains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallonsize plastic ice-cream buckets. Th
20、e buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片).2 People who live in or vis
21、it Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a
22、 freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.3 Barbara Brown and her friend
23、s collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water
24、on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude“ program runs oil-collection sitestanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil.4 Five years ago, ll-year-old Ryan Hre
25、ljac was a little boy with a big dream, for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Ry
26、an, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it. “Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises mone
27、y for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.A Provide Clean WaterB Dig Oil WellsC Save Clean WaterD Dont LitterE Dont Be CrudeF Protect Wildlife（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1
28、.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A make new materialsB preserve wetland and animalsC have clean airD have clean waterE collect cigarette buttsF collect disposed oil（分数：4.00）(1).Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).People are grateful to Carter Dunh
29、am for his efforts to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The State of Marriage TodayIs there
30、 something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the break up of the family, accordi
31、ng to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will many at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answ
32、er to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. the institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didnt have jobs outside the home. But with the ris
33、ing number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they dont feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actuall
34、y fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and dont bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50 of first marriages survive. The statistics
35、 are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isnt. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than sin
36、gle people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!（分数：15.00）(1).W
37、hich is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today? _（分数：3.00）A.Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.B.Half of the married couples get divorced.C.American people marry more than four times.D.More and more people are getting divorce(2).What does “this is no longer the case“ i
38、n paragraph two mean? _（分数：3.00）A.It is not necessary to get married any more.B.Women do not need a husband any longer.C.Women are not economically dependant any more.D.Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.(3).Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears? _（分数：3.00）A.Man
39、y people still like to get married.B.The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C.Over 50% of the marriages continue to exist.D.The statistics of divorce is not quite tru(4).How do people usually feel in their marriage life? _（分数：3.00）A.They are much healthier.B.They feel no longer single.C.They are
40、 more satisfied.D.They suffer a lot less.(5).Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage? _（分数：3.00）A.There will be more relationships outside marriage.B.Many people try to get married again after divorce.C.Marriage has long been partly an economical need.D.It is a fact tha
41、t most people choose to get marrie六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Pop Music in AfricaYoung musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reg
42、gae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way. Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.Eric Wainaina is one of the
43、se African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD. in Kenya. Erics most popular song, “Land of A. Little Somethi
44、ng“ is about Kenyas problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the
45、 suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop
46、style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the
47、 history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well
48、 as the rights of women, love for ones family, and saving the environment.One of South Africas most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became fam
49、ous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to t
