1、职称英语综合类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Age is one of the variables which seems to determine the attitude of an older person toward conformity.（分数：1.00）A.sectionsB.factorsC.resultsD.stimuli2.The compact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unw
2、ieldy as some of the older editions.（分数：1.00）A.completeB.tiresomeC.reliableD.cumbersome3.After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.（分数：1.00）A.sentenceB.decisionC.cross-examinationD.foreman4.Would you bring me some up-to-date catalogues?（分数：1.00）A.currentB.well
3、-documentedC.lavishD.hostile5.According to the American Red Cross, blood and plasma donors are urgently needed after natural disasters or other catastrophes.（分数：1.00）A.typicallyB.conceivablyC.tentativelyD.desperately6.Communication satellites generally use solar cells as their source of electric pow
4、er, although some test satellites have used thermoelectric generators.（分数：1.00）A.superiorB.authorizedC.formerD.experimental7.Even a novel in which there is no narrator tacitly creates a picture of an author behind the scenes.（分数：1.00）A.theoreticallyB.purposelyC.instinctivelyD.implicitly8.Tempestuous
5、 times preceded the declaration of war.（分数：1.00）A.terribleB.turbulentC.tryingD.temperate9.The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.（分数：1.00）A.traditionB.ruleC.observanceD.maneuver10.Some children display an unquenchable curiosity about
6、every new thing they encounter.（分数：1.00）A.insatiableB.inherentC.indiscriminateD.incredible11.All of the tenants in the building complained about the lack of hot water.（分数：1.00）A.old peopleB.landlordsC.superintendentsD.occupants12.Tanning by the sun takes place because sunlight stimulates the skin to
7、 produce the pigment melanin.（分数：1.00）A.burningB.roastingC.browningD.scorching13.William Faulkners stories reflect his Mississippi upbringing.（分数：1.00）A.educationB.cousinsC.visitsD.accent14.Glaciers terminate where the rate of ice loss is equivalent to the forward advance of the glacier.（分数：1.00）A.s
8、topB.turnC.crackD.rotate15.The 1960s saw a change in the form and content of movies, treating subjects that for so many years were considered taboo.（分数：1.00）A.unpleasantB.prohibitedC.unethicalD.worthless二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B The Enormous Egg/BDr. Zie
9、mer arrived while we were still staring at the thing in the nest. He jumped out his car and came running out to in the backyard. He was wearing a red coat over his pajamas, and he looked pretty excited.He ran up to the nest and looked in. His eyes opened up wide and he knelt down on the ground and s
10、tared and stared. After long while he said softly, “Thats it. By George, thats just what it is. “Then he stared for another long time and finally he shook his head and said, “It cant be true, but there it is.“He got up off his knees and looked around at us. His eyes were just sparking, he was so exc
11、ited. He put his hand on my shoulder, and I could feel he was quivering. “An amazing things happened, “he said, in a kind of whisper.“ I dont know how to account for it. It must be some sort of freak biological mix-up that might happen once a thousand years. “But what is it?“ I asked.Dr. Ziemer turn
12、ed and pointed a trembling finger at the nest. “Believe it or not, you people have hatched out a dinosaur. (恐龙)“We just looked at him.“Sounds incredible, I know,“ he said, “and I cant explain it, but there it is. Ive seen too many Triceratops (三角恐龙)skulls to be mistaken about this one. “Butbut how c
13、ould it be a dinosaur?“ Pop asked.“Goodness gracious!“ Morn spluttered. “And right here in our backyard. It doesnt seem hardly right. And on a Sunday, too.“Cynthia was pretty interested by now, and kept pecking into the nest and making faces, the way she did when Pop brought a bowl of frogs legs int
14、o the kitchen one time. I guess girls just naturally dont like crawly things too much. To tell the truth, I dont either sometimes but this thing that had just hatched out looked kind of cute to me. Maybe that was because I had taken care of the egg so long. I felt as if the little dinosaur was almos
15、t one of the family.We stood around for a long while looking at the strange new thing on the nest, trying to let the idea soak in that we had a dinosaur. After Dr. Ziemer calmed down a little he and Pop tightened up the chicken wire to make sure the little animal wasnt going to crawl out. Dr. Ziemer
16、 watched if perhaps she ought not to be taken out before she went out of her mind. Pop figured that it might be a good idea and he picked her up and cut her outside the pen. She acted a little dazed at first, but pretty soon she followed the other hens and began pen. She acted a little dazed at firs
17、t, but pretty soon she followed the other hens and began scratching for worms like the rest of them.（分数：7.00）(1).Dr. Ziemer found a bird in the nest.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).The story took place in the back garden.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).When they find ou
18、t what kind of animal they have, they are shocked.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).The person who is telling the story seems to like the little animal.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).The Enormous Egg is a serious story.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).The s
19、tory teller is afraid to look at the little animal.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).Dr. Ziemer had went to hospital before he arrived.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27
20、30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Blasts from the Past/B1Volcanoes were destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.2Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volca
21、nic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large number of animals, but all the mass extinction cover the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed
22、 to do.3Wignall calculated the “killing efficiency“ for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4The
23、 Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that follo
24、wed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover.5Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things retur
25、ned to normal within ten thousands of years. “The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all,“ Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 265 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an ast
26、eroid.6Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of
27、 silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of CO2absorbed from the atmosphere.7Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do th
28、ese sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 8Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volc
29、anoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Older eruptions were more devastating_（分数：1.
30、00）填空项 1:_(6).The Permian extinction is used to illustrate_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Courtillor rejects_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。B第一篇/BB Colors Associated with Feeling
31、 and Attitudes/BWe all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means“ tradition“, and red means “social change“. But blue can also mean sadness ( Im feeling blue ), white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express th
32、e joy of a wedding, in Western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selection colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice ); cereals often come in brown pa
33、ckets ( like wheat fields ), but cosmetics never come in brown jars ( dirty !).Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing d
34、own of metabolism (新陈代谢); day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.In prehistoric times, activity as a rule
35、took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.（分数：15.00）(1).In Luschers view, the association of colors with feeling and attitu
36、des can be traced back to_.（分数：3.00）A.the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient timeB.the association of black with funerals in Western EuropeC.the association of white with purity in some countriesD.the association of red with joy in China(2).Which of the following is NO
37、T true? _.（分数：3.00）A.Dark blue brings tragedy.B.Dark blue means tradition.C.Dark blue represents night.D.Dark blue indicates quietness.(3).Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to_.（分数：3.00）A.resemble iceB.show qualityC.suggest purityD.attract customers(4).In Luschers view, which of the
38、following colors is associated with defense? _.（分数：3.00）A.Red.B.Blue.C.Dark.D.Green.(5).According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow? _.（分数：3.00）A.People who are passive and conservative.B.People who are creative and aggressive.C.People who are hopeful and active.D.Peopl
39、e who are ideal and dreamy.B第二篇/BB Anthropology/BAnthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a d
40、ifferent tradition.The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no
41、 possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the oth
42、er. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and diffe
43、rentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any people function in the lives of the individuals.Now customs has been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy o
44、f investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial
45、 aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays inexperience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, we can say that anthropology_.（分数：3.00）A.can reveal an enormous diversity of traditionsB.ca
46、n deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living worldC.can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and natureD.can distinguish the human race from other creatures(2).For serious study, an anthropologist _.（分数：3.00）A.is obliged to work only on those societies
47、which have no historical relationship to each otherB.must not study his own cultureC.is not supposed to have a prejudice against any societyD.should focus on those societies which are historically related to each other(3).Which of the following does the author most probably agree with? _.（分数：3.00）A.
48、The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves.B.The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carried on without any change.C.The anthropologists professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs.D.All of the above.(4).In the third paragraph, the author is trying_.（分数：3.00）A.to be critical of customB.to say that anthropology is more important than psychologyC.to strengthen the role custom plays in experience and beliefD.to draw our attention to the importance of custom(5).Which o
