1、职称英语综合类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.（分数：1.00）A.extendsB.stretchesC.broadensD.traverses2.The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowi
2、ng components to be packaged more densely.（分数：1.00）A.compactlyB.inexpensivelyC.quicklyD.carefully3.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger4.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.（分数：1.
3、00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle5.We have got to abide by the roles.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply6.The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.（分数：1.00）A.weptB.criedC.ranD.shook7.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in
4、the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.（分数：1.00）A.an easyB.a playfulC.an openD.a better8.In their productions, choreographers of modem dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvedB.explo
5、redC.involvedD.disputed9.The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by comets.（分数：1.00）A.intriguedB.infectedC.inconveniencedD.inclined10.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数
6、：1.00）A.demandedB.elicitedC.extractedD.defied11.Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.（分数：1.00）A.violent criminalsB.politiciansC.musiciansD.industrialists12.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.（分数：1.00）
7、A.solveB.determineC.untieD.complete13.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.（分数：1.00）A.beatsB.matchesC.maintainsD.announces14.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached.（分数：1.00）A.bou
8、ndaryB.skeletonC.enclosureD.material15.We were shocked to find that Mary didnt know her guests name.（分数：1.00）A.frustratedB.disturbedC.relievedD.surprised二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A 项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B 项；如果该句信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C 项。BThe First S
9、ettlement in North America/BIt is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest i
10、n gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally, from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see
11、an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal“ title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish
12、 activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed i
13、n Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capital
14、ists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very suc
15、cessful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.（分数：7.00）(1).We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.（分数：1.00）A.A) Right B.B) Wrong C.C) Not mentioned(2).Among the early settlers in South America in t
16、he 16th century were Spanish traders.（分数：1.00）A.A) Right B.B) Wrong C.C) Not mentioned(3).With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.（分数：1.00）A.A) Right B.B) Wrong C.C) Not mentioned(4).There were eighteen
17、 people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.（分数：1.00）A.A) Right B.B) Wrong C.C) Not mentioned(5).The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.（分数：1.00）A.A) Right B.B) Wrong C.C) Not mentioned(6).The name Virgi
18、nia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh.（分数：1.00）A.A) Right B.B) Wrong C.C) Not mentioned(7).The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.（分数：1.00）A.A) Right B.B) Wrong C.C) Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分
19、数：8.00)下面的短文后 2 项测试任务： (1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段第段选择 1 个最佳的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求所给的 6 个选项中选择 6 个选项为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。BTransport and Trade/B1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The
20、more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were
21、 accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories cou
22、ld not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a d
23、istance.3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could
24、be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where th
25、ey would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carr
26、ied. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing condition
27、s in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.（分数：8.00）(1).A Higher Living Standard B Importance of Transport in Trade C Various Means of Transport D Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade E Role of Information in Trade F Public Tr
28、ansportation 23. Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A to send goods to various parts of the world B at any time during the year C has greatly promoted trade D is it possible to produce on a large scale E
29、 the transport of goods F it is possible to produce on a large scale 27. The development of modem means of transport _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Only when goods can be carded to all parts of the world quickly _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want
30、_ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBIncome/BIncome may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income i
31、s defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production-namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross Natio
32、nal Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sale
33、s taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Whereas national income shows t
34、he income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government, and some mon
35、ey must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions,
36、 but this money goes to government (which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned bu
37、t money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.The money people receive as personal income may be either spent
38、or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met thei
39、r tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.（分数：15.00）(1).This passage is mainly about（分数：3.00）A.the difference betwee
40、n national income and GNP.B.the difference between national income and personal income.C.the concept of income.D.the difference between disposable income and nondisposable income.(2).Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.GNP equals national income plus
41、 indirect business taxes.B.GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C.Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D.The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.(3).It can
42、 be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on（分数：3.00）A.corporation profits.B.every individual even though his income is very low.C.those who work in joint ventures.D.those who work in government departments.(4).According to this passage, the money you get as interest from gove
43、rnment bonds is（分数：3.00）A.the money earned.B.the money not earned but received.C.the money received for the contribution you have made to the economy.D.the money earned for the service you have furnished to the economy.(5).The passage implies that（分数：3.00）A.people willingly pay taxes because they wa
44、nt to do something useful to the country.B.people willingly pay taxes because they do not want to be looked down upon by others.C.people pay taxes unwillingly because they feel they will be arrested if they do not.D.people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.B第二篇/BBForecasting Methods/BThere are several
45、different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed
46、 in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it wi
47、ll be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.Th
48、e trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm syst
49、em is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity,
