1、职称英语综合类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.In times of economic difficulty, corporate budgets for research and development are often slashed before any others.（分数：1.00）A.shiftedB.cutC.examinedD.presented2.Their sole fault was a failure to recognize all the f
2、actors involved.（分数：1.00）A.maximumB.usualC.initialD.only3.A writers attempts to reproduce folk speech can be an asset to the historian of pronunciation.（分数：1.00）A.wisdomB.languageC.traditionsD.beliefs4.Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented
3、worms.（分数：1.00）A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC.primitiveD.strangely formed5.The song “Yankee Doodle“ was originally sung by British troops to ridicule the American colonists.（分数：1.00）A.given inspiration toB.make fun ofC.entertainD.discourage6.The Sun Dance is considered by many to be the most spectac
4、ular ritual of the North American Plains Indians.（分数：1.00）A.ceremonyB.ancestorC.sceneD.costume7.The first watermill was horizontal and resembled a rudimentary turbine.（分数：1.00）A.a flatB.a rustyC.an unconventionalD.an unsophisticated8.The main characters of Horatio Algers books always rise from pover
5、ty to riches（分数：1.00）A.maturityB.wisdomC.statusD.wealth9.The gar is a fish with a long, slender body and scales as hard as flint.（分数：1.00）A.flatB.straightC.slimD.fragile10.Scientists routinely deal with concepts such as uncertainty, probability, and hypothesis.（分数：1.00）A.reluctantlyB.carefullyC.comm
6、onlyD.occasionally11.The earliest kind of desk was a box that had a sloping lid, under which there was storage space for writing materials.（分数：1.00）A.a sturdyB.a polishedC.an inclinedD.an adaptable12.Generally, a material with a sour taste, such as vinegar or lemon juice, contains an acid.（分数：1.00）A
7、.a tartB.an oilyC.a fruityD.a bland13.Extending from Quebec to Alabama, the Appalachian Mountain region is extensive and very scenic.（分数：1.00）A.vastB.rusticC.fertileD.picturesque14.Rival traditions of acting have coexisted in Western theater since antiquity.（分数：1.00）A.MyriadB.RudimentaryC.StylisticD
8、.Conflicting15.Hoof-and-mouth disease was eliminated in the United States by slaughtering affected herds of cattle.（分数：1.00）A.isolatingB.testingC.vaccinatingD.killing二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Food and Health/BThe food we eat seems to have profound effect
9、s on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon (结肠). Different
10、cultures are more likely to develop certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates (硝酸盐)commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives,
11、accused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin(青霉素) to beef and poultry(家禽),and
12、because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drags are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, hut for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food an
13、d Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.（分数：7.00）(1).As a result of scientific intervention (介入) ,some harmful substances have been added to our food.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).Nitrates are usually used for keeping the s
14、mell of food.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).“FDA“ means Food and Drug Administration.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).All the drugs given to the living animals are for the health of the living animals.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).Food may cause forty p
15、ercent of cancer in the world.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).The FDA has tried to control the process of food.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).Eighty percent of all animal illnesses are related to food.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1
16、，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2、4、5、6段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B The History of the Fridge/B1The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with he label: “store in the refrigerator.
17、“2In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wast
18、ed and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed-
19、natural cooling drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling4What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.5Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found,
20、not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-he
21、ated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.6The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge nex
22、t winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fr
23、esh foods because_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The invention of the fridge has not provided_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).If you stop using the fridge, at least you wont he troubled by the noise_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解
24、/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。B第一篇/BB Pure or Theoretical Knowledge/BFor me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing wit
25、h mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in o
26、rder to fulfil the need to understand that is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certai
27、n kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of tech
28、nical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of th
29、e Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The fi
30、rst man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life, Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because
31、 the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.（分数：15.00）(1).The most important advances made by mankind come from _.（分数：3.00）A.apparently useless
32、 informationB.the natural sciencesC.philosophyD.technical applications(2).The author does not include among the science the study of _.（分数：3.00）A.AstronomyB.LiteratureC.ChemistryD.Economics(3).In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _.（分数：3.00）A.unforeseen dis
33、coveriesB.philosophyC.the value of pure researchD.the value of technical research(4).The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section _.（分数：3.00）A.were unaware of the value of their studiesB.were mathematiciansC.resignedD.were interested in navigation(5).The practical scientist_.（分数：3
34、.00）A.is a philosopherB.is interested in the unknownC.knows the value of what he will discoverD.knows that the world existsB第二篇/BB Employment/BOpinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is proba
35、bly here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not create conditions in which many of us
36、can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of
37、 jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has no
38、t meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industrie
39、s and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they in which they lived.Meanwhile, e
40、mployment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating
41、 jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：15.00）(1).What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls? _.（分数：3.00）A.New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures.B.Available employment should be restri
42、cted to a small percentage of the population.C.The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life.D.Jobs available must be distributed among more people.(2).The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and_.（分数：3.00）A.be prepared to fill in time by taking up house
43、workB.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ othersC.create more factories in order to increase our productivityD.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work(3).The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that_.（分数：3.00）A.econ
44、omic freedom came within everyones reachB.patterns of work were fundamentally changedC.to survive, everyone had to find a jobD.universal employment guaranteed prosperity(4).As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries, _.（分数：3.00）A.people were not adequately compensated for the loss
45、of their landB.people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim landC.people were badly paid for the work they managed to findD.people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves(5).According to the passage, which of the following is true? _.（分数：3.00）A.People should start to su
46、pport themselves by learning a practical skill.B.The creation of jobs for all is an impossibility.C.We should help people to get full-time jobs.D.We must make every effort to solve the problem of unemployment.B第三篇/BB Humour/BHumour, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and gay fee
47、lings, can of- ten stir up vehemence and animosity. Evidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost any kind of criticism except the observation that they have no sense of humour. A man will admit to being a coward or a liar or a thief or a poor mechanic or a bad swimmer, but tell
48、 him he has a dreadful sense of humour and you might as well have slandered his mother. Even if he is civilized enough to pretend to make light of your statement, he will still secretly believe that he has not only a good sense of humour but are superior to most. He has, in other words, a completely blind spot on the subject. This is all the more surprising when you consider that not one man in ten million can give you any kind of intelligent answer as to what humour is or why he laughs.One day when I was about twelve years old, it
