1、职称英语综合类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Weed killers must be chosen and applied with great care to avoid damage to adjacent trees and shrubs.（分数：1.00）A.indigenousB.nearbyC.perennialD.similar2.It is now generally assumed that the planets were formed by the
2、 accretion of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud.（分数：1.00）A.separationB.reactionC.accumulationD.motion3.While they were away on vacation, they allowed their mail to accumulate at the post office.（分数：1.00）A.be deliveredB.pile upC.get lostD.be returned4.Red giant stars do not become white dwarf stars abru
3、ptly; the process takes more than fifteen hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.suddenlyB.in unisonC.prematurelyD.accidentally5.The most famous Shoshone Indian was Sacagaweathe woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their exploration of the upper Missouri River.（分数：1.00）A.traveled withB.argued withC.defendedD.
4、avoided6.Although South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant, not all of them can be mined lucratively.（分数：1.00）A.moltenB.plentifulC.diverseD.precious7.I admire his work.（分数：1.00）A.recognizeB.exploitC.tolerateD.esteem8.One of Californias greatest problems is providing adequate water to meet the
5、needs of its expanding population.（分数：1.00）A.sufficientB.palatableC.suitableD.unpolluted9.Usually, in an attack of influenza, the patients limbs ache.（分数：1.00）A.hurtB.softenC.get numbD.get hot10.Eleven states, including the adjoining states of North and South Carolina, seceded from the United States
6、 in the 1860s and formed a southern confederacy.（分数：1.00）A.separatedB.neighboringC.colonialD.competing11.They voted to abolish the office of second vice-president.（分数：1.00）A.decorateB.createC.improveD.eliminate12.Choreographer Twyla Tharp uses familiar dance movements in original ways to create work
7、s filled with clever gestures and abrupt changes in motion and mood.（分数：1.00）A.gracefulB.creativeC.suddenD.dramatic13.Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.（分数：1.00）A.on the airB.henceforthC.nearbyD.in foreign countries14.If the weatherma
8、n has predicted accurately, tomorrow will be a perfect day for our picnic.（分数：1.00）A.astutelyB.correctlyC.carefullyD.acutely15.As aquatic plants moved millions of years ago from the ocean to the land, they underwent a number of adaptations.（分数：1.00）A.mishapsB.expansionsC.setbacksD.modifications二、B第
9、2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Mother Nature Shows Her Strength/BTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down
10、 Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said.Snyder only saw
11、 one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm beg
12、an. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. “The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long
13、time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The
14、 river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Many people who live near the river had to leav
15、e their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them.“This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Natur
16、e can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. “（分数：7.00）(1).The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).George Snyder was a firefighter.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in t
17、he basement when the storm began.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentione
18、d(6).Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).Several people were missing during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 273
19、0 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Earth Angels/B1Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to
20、take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon- size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all
21、public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hit- ting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片).2People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham
22、 to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Workin
23、g with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.3Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H
24、 Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle
25、 oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude“ program runs oil-collection sitestanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil.4Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the
26、people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other cou
27、ntries, you have to plan for it.“Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for peo
28、ple in African countries and developing countries.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).People are grateful to Carter Dun
29、ham for his efforts to_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。B
30、第一篇/BB War and Conflict/BThe question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another,
31、is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has b
32、een defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another.Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competiti
33、on between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in t
34、he struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but
35、 in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs,
36、markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessfu
37、l decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：15.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the defin
38、itions of some terms in order to_.（分数：3.00）A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation(2).According to the auth
39、or, competition differs from conflict in that_.（分数：3.00）A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most pro
40、bably means_.（分数：3.00）A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict _.（分数：3.00）A.is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB.reflects the struggle among social animalsC.is an opposition a
41、mong individual social entitiesD.can be avoided(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“.（分数：3.00）A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can competition lead to conflict?B第二篇/BB System of Criminal Trial/BHow efficient is our system
42、 of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so en- grossed in playing hard to win, challenging
43、 each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two ad
44、versaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role.In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“especially a religious eventwas the main way of
45、testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and this meant that
46、all the evidence had to be put to them orally, this historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day.On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an inve
47、stigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered.The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are commo
48、n, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S.A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs.In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepar
