1、职称英语卫生类综合-补全短文及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：36，分数：72.00)1.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. 1 They may take more time than younger men,
2、but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment. A. Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. B. This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give t
3、heir leisure. C. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. D. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. E. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. F. If we compare
4、mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or consi
5、dered it unimportant as a basic skill. 1 The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling? A. If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likel
6、y to “play safe“. B. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience. C. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. D. Thats why te
7、achers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. E. There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing. F. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous languag（分数：2.00）
8、填空项 1:_3.People have always tried to “type“ each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villains (坏人) or the heros role. In fact, the words “person“ and “personality“ come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask. “ Today, most televisionand movie act
9、ors do not wear masks. A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. C. But we can easily tell the “good guys“ from the “bad guys“ because the two types differ in appearance
10、as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Now its true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of i
11、t. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldnt know whats happening. 1 We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain. A. This ability
12、 that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. B. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. C. However, many of us cannot stand pain. D. Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed of nails. E. We demand the ctneedi
13、e“ -a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因，一种局部麻醉剂) - that deadens the nerves around the tooth. F. But we pay for our sensitivity.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The te
14、mperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Suns radiation back into space. 1 Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man
15、 many other animals. A. All human movement ceased. B. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives. C. A mysterious “black cloud“ approaches the earth-our planets weather is severely affected. D. Occasionally air - conditioning units failed and it was then that fataliti
16、es occurred. E. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather. F. But conditions could not be said to have improve（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on thefamily are becoming more aware of the
17、part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit (信任) - not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that awomans place is the home. 1 Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. A. We are beginning, howevel to analyze mens place in
18、 the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. B. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. C. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences. D. It is time to re
19、assess the role of the man in the American family. E. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family. F. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and
20、to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused
21、by something that appeals to a person. 1 They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. A. Emotions, however, may be weak or strong. B. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoi
22、d the emotion. C. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. D. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. E. For example, a student taking all examination may be so worried about failing that hecanno
23、t think properly. F. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfie（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation (动力). They have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job. 1 Man
24、y poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer. A. At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. B. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable
25、standard of living. C. Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. D. In 1975 over 18million people in the United States received Welfare. E. As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. F. Some economists are looking for better solutions to the pover
26、ty problem.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? 1 Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon -can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted. A. Even a skilled writer probably co
27、uld not describe all the features that make one face different from another B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. C. But we can easily tell the “good guys“ from the “bad guys“ because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military
28、types -people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? When I got that great job, did J
29、im really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?“ 1 When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, its too late. A. Its telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you havent got a date for Saturday night. B. The minute you s
30、pend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. C. And if we dont really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. D. But theres a bit of envy in those words. E. Why do we go wrong about our friends - or our enemies? F. “And Paul -why didnt pick up that he
31、 was friendly just because I had a car?“（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Dreams are a product of the sleepers mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sle
32、ep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. 1 Events in the sleepers surrounding, a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams. A. Psychiatrists (精神病医生) often use material from a patients dreams to help the person understand himself better.
33、B. Deep wishes or fears - especially those held since childhood-often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfill such wishes. C. Most dreams occur in color, but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. D. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotio
34、nal adjustment. E. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. F. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamers lif（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Hurricane clouds move in a circle around a point called the eye, which is the center of the storm
35、. To be called a hurricane, a storm must have wind speeds of at least 74 miles per hour. When a hurricane comes ashore, there are heavy rains, large waves and strong winds that cause damage to buildings, cars and trees. 1 Storm surges are the main reason people are told to leave beach towns and move
36、 inland when a hurricane approaches. Hurricanes move very slowly though, so people have a chance to get out of the way. A. Hurricanes gather heat and energy from the warm ocean water. B. The first hurricane name starts with the letter A, like Ashley, and the names move through the alphabet as more h
37、urricanes form. C. Meteorologists, scientists who study the weather, watch these storms very carefully. D. During the official hurricane season, these large storms sometimes hit coastal areas of the United States. E. This year, the United States has been hit by more damaging hurricanes than in any o
38、ther year. F. Also, flooding can occur when large waves called storm surges hit the beaches.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. 1 The worry drains valuable mental energy h
39、e needs for the examination. A. Emotions, however, may be weak or strong. B. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. C. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. D. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to
40、 act in certain situations because of an emotion. E. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. F. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfie（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair
41、 his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. 1 He must make his problem more specific. A. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. B. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. C. He immediately realizes the soluti
42、on to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels. D. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the flame. E. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. F. In short, he has solved the problem.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_1
43、5.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18000 English words characterizing differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. A. Even a sk
44、illed writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. C. But we can easily tell the “good guys“ from the “bad guys“ because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms,
45、 conservatives, military types -people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16. 1 If the dentist says,“ This will hurt a little,“ it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation (感觉), we c
46、an handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff, of life. A. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. B. The big thing i
47、n withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. C. However, many of us cannot stand pain. D. Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed ofnails. E. We demand the “needle“ - a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因，一种局部麻醉剂) - that deadens the nerves around the tooth. F. But we pay for our sensitivity.（分数：2.00）填
48、空项 1:_17.To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside extra ideas and get right to the core of what matters. 1 In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important. “ A. And 61 percent say that common sense was very important in contributing to their success. B. Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field,
