1、职称英语卫生类 C 级真题 2016 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You need feedback to monitor progress.（分数：1.00）A.stopB.achieveC.checkD.access2.This latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now at an end .（分数：1.00）A.overB.readyC.rewardingD.promising3.Jensen is a dangero
2、us man, and can be very brutal .（分数：1.00）A.carelessB.strongC.cruelD.hard4.The idea was quite brilliant .（分数：1.00）A.positiveB.cleverC.keyD.original5.We are aware of the potential problems.（分数：1.00）A.globalB.ongoingC.possibleD.central6.We must get to the root of the problem.（分数：1.00）A.approachB.causeC
3、.heartD.solution7.All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.（分数：1.00）A.out of controlB.in dangerC.between equalsD.in particular8.Anything to do with aeroplanes and flying fascinates him.（分数：1.00）A.affectsB.helpsC.worriesD.interests9.He needs the money really badly .（分数：1.00）A.
4、very urgentlyB.very quicklyC.very muchD.very efficiently10.I think I managed to grasp the main points of the lecture.（分数：1.00）A.coverB.understandC.proveD.discuss11.The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.（分数：1.00）A.ideaB.coachingC.termD.aspect12.I didn“t particularly want to go, bu
5、t I had to.（分数：1.00）A.especiallyB.mainlyC.usuallyD.rapidly13.Class sizes will increase under the new scheme .（分数：1.00）A.directionB.contextC.environmentD.system14.The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether.（分数：1.00）A.hopeB.partC.estimateD.decision15.He was incredibly rich.（分数：1.00）A.extre
6、melyB.relativelyC.seriouslyD.fairly二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant WomenA recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater
7、 risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease. The World Health Organization estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight.
8、Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries. The new study took place in Dubai. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron than the levels advised for women
9、in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet. The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from t
10、he United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine . Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost
11、way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes (淋巴细胞). Lymphocytes increase the body“s immunity against infection. The new study in pregnant women who were not infe
12、cted with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inacti
13、ve pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.（分数：7.00）(1).The babies born underweight ta
14、ke a risk of being in poorer health conditions.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Pregnant women in developed countries needn“t take in any iron.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Pregnant women who take multivitamins have a lower chance of dying from HIV.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not m
15、entioned(4).The number of lymphocytes is very low in African women.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Women who take multivitamins will not have underweight babies.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Vitamins can be used to reduce the birth rate of underweight babies.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
16、rongC.Not mentioned(7).The placebo works more effectively than the vitamins in reducing the risk of low birth weight.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Seek Health and Wellness1 Whether you are busy studying or starting clerkship, it is absolutely essential to mai
17、ntain health and well-being throughout your medical career. Some ways are useful in trying to stay healthy and active. Hopefully you can take them! 2 Staring at a laptop screen for a prolonged (长时间) period of time not only dries out our eyes but also begins to take a toll on our efficiency. If you f
18、ind yourself staring at the same slide for more than 15 minutes, take a nice walk outside! 3 Different types of nuts are great brain food! Nuts of any kind can easily be absorbed into your daily meals. They go great with milk and salads. To add in the nutritious value of nuts, they serve as a source
19、 of protein (蛋白质) while helping to raise HDL, the “good cholesterol“ (胆固醇) in our bodies. 4 If you“re a coffee lover, try switching it up from time to time. Carbonated water is a good substitute every now and then. There are no calories, compared to regular sodas (碳酸饮料), and the carbonation adds a l
20、ittle fizz (嘶嘶声) that can help keep you awake and refreshed. 5 It“s easy to feel nervous about medical practice, but if you keep your mind focused on the big picture and acknowledge what you“ve done instead of what you haven“t, your mindset will take a turn for the greater good. Being confident and
21、staying positive changes your mood and outlook making the workload more manageable. 6 We may have something called “puppy therapy“. It“s important to have something that is “your thing“, something that you enjoy doing that helps you connect with the outside world. That can be anything that can relax
22、 your mind and re-energize your body without taking a huge mass out of your busy day.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Reduce the workload schedule B. Stare at the laptop screen C. Eat some nuts D. Substitute coffee for a healthier drink E. Take a walk F. Think positive（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00
23、）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Health and wellness are needed in 1. A. carbonated water B. nutritious nuts C. a medical career D. the greater good E. body and mind F. an attentive mind（分数：1.00）(6).Puppy therapy refers to something that activates your 1.（分数：1.00）(7).To reduc
24、e anxiety of becoming a doctor, you need to set your mind on 1.（分数：1.00）(8).It“s advisable to replace coffee with 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Covering the Cost All by HimselfUniversity life is in no way cheap in Canada. It costs Peter Kemp, a computer science major at
25、 the British Columbia Institute of Technology in Vancouver, C $18,000 a year. Amazingly, the 21-year-old is covering the cost by himself. For the past three years, Kemp has done a range of part-time jobs to pay for his tuition and living expenses. Last semester alone, he worked five jobs for 3240 ho
26、urs a week. Life is busy, but Kemp enjoys it. “Doing part-time jobs gives me economic independence,“ said Kemp, who will begin his senior year this fall. “Having economic independence gives me the ability to take control of my life and make my own decisions,“ said Kemp. “It has also helped me unders
27、tand the value of money.“ Among Kemp“s five jobs last semester, two were on campus. For one, he helped maintain the university“s computer labs. For the other, he worked at the IT service desk to help students and teachers solve their computer problems. He also worked for a small company that develop
28、s GPS systems. This job paid him well at C $27 an hour. “These jobs made me put what I“ve learned in university to practical use,“ Kemp said. “I accomplished creative and imaginative tasks by applying my abilities to the work.“ Good time management skills help Kemp balance work and study. He“s a top
29、 student in his class. And he will be the student association chairman for his department beginning next semester. It“s a position that he has desired for a long time. “It will give me the opportunity to be the voice for my fellow students and make a difference,“ says Kemp. “I believe one of the key
30、 secrets to juggling (应对) everything is to avoid putting off tasks. This can leave you stressed and reduce the quality of your work and health,“ he said. “I often make a list of the things I need to do each day and rank them by their importance. The list helps me decide what task I should do first a
31、nd when I should complete it. Remember to ask for help when you think you can“t finish something on time, or can“t finish it by yourself.“（分数：15.00）(1).Who is Peter Kemp?（分数：3.00）A.An American student.B.A French student.C.A British student.D.A computer student.(2).How did he manage to pay his tuitio
32、n and living expenses?（分数：3.00）A.He won a few scholarships.B.He borrowed money from his parents.C.He did a variety of part-time jobs.D.He obtained cheap loans from the bank.(3).Which of the following is NOT directly mentioned in the passage as an advantage of having economic independence?（分数：3.00）A.
33、It helps one know the value of money.B.It gives one the ability to control his or her life.C.It makes one understand that life is not easy.D.It enables one to make his or her own decisions.(4).Kemp is able to balance work and study due to his _.（分数：3.00）A.good management of timeB.strong will powerC.
34、exceptional intelligenceD.desire to become a leader(5).The phrase “putting off“ in Paragraph 7 means _.（分数：3.00）A.performingB.fulfillingC.postponingD.finishing六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Too Many Americans Have Out-of-control High Blood PressureNearly 1 in 3 Americans suffers from high blood pressure (hype
35、rtension) and many of them don“t have it under control, says a recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). According to the report, most people with uncontrolled high blood pressure have health insurance and had actually seen a doctor at least twice in the previous year,
36、 yet their condition remained unmanaged. Having high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke; hypertensive people are 4 times more likely to die from a stroke and 3 times more likely to die from heart disease than people with normal pressure, according to CDCP director Dr
37、Thomas Frieden. Together, those two conditions cause nearly 1,000 deaths a day in the US and account for $131 billion in yearly health-care costs. For the report, researchers looked at 2003-2010 data to examine high blood pressure awareness and treatment among adults with uncontrolled conditions. Mo
38、re than 20,000 adult participants answered survey questions and received a physical exam. The data suggest that some 67 million Americans have high blood pressure, and nearly 36 million of them don“t have their condition under control. Among those, about 14 million don“t know they“re hypertensive, n
39、early 6 million are aware but not receiving treatment, and 16 million know they have high blood pressure and are receiving medication for it but still don“t have their pressure under control. “We have to roll up our sleeves and make high blood pressure control a priority every day, with every patien
40、t at every doctor“s visit,“ said Frieden.（分数：15.00）(1).High blood pressure will cause _.（分数：3.00）A.heart disease and strokeB.stroke and shockC.stroke and agingD.heart disease and facture(2).Compared with people with normal pressure, hypertensive people are _.（分数：3.00）A.3 times more likely to die fro
41、m cancerB.4 times more likely to die from a strokeC.4 times more likely to die at their youthD.3 times more likely to die at their adulthood(3).Heart disease and stroke in America _.（分数：3.00）A.cause 131 deaths a yearB.cost $1,000 million a dayC.cost $131 million a yearD.cause 1,000 deaths a day(4).A
42、ccording to the data, the number of Americans with uncontrolled hypertension is _.（分数：3.00）A.about 67 millionB.about 36 millionC.about 14 millionD.about 6 million(5).Dr Thomas Frieden might agree that hypertension control in America is _.（分数：3.00）A.insignificantB.irrelevantC.uncertainD.urgent七、第三篇(总
43、题数：1，分数：15.00)Walking Barefoot Can Help Prevent Some InjuriesWalking barefoot helps to improve balance, posture and prevent common foot injuries, according to an American researcher. Patrick McKeon, a professor at Ithaca College“s School of Health Sciences in New York, says the more people go barefo
44、ot at home, in the office or outside, the healthier their feet will be. He believes the small, often overlooked muscles in the foot play a vital but underestimated role in movement and stability, similar to the core muscles in the abdomen. The researcher explained their importance by describing the
45、cycle of feedback between the large “extrinsic“ (外在的) muscles in the legs and feet, the smaller “intrinsic“ (内部的) muscles in the feet, and the neural connections that send information from them to the brain. When this cycle is broken, it can lead to overuse injuries that most athletes are familiar w
46、ith. Shoes can also have a negative effect on this cycle, McKeon explained. “When you put a big sole underneath, you put a big dampening effect (阻尼效应) on that information. There“s a missing link that connects the body with its environment.“ Without the information provided by the small muscles in th
47、e foot, the larger muscles over-compensate and over-exert beyond the point of their natural ability to maintain and repair themselves. And when these muscles are no longer able to absorb the forces of activity, the forces are transferred to the tendons (肌腱), bones and ligaments (韧带), resulting in an
48、 increased risk of injury. McKeon says the only way of reintroducing this link and reactivating the cycle is to take off our shoes and strengthen the muscles in our feet by walking barefoot.（分数：15.00）(1).The more people go barefoot, _.（分数：3.00）A.the better they are at blood balanceB.the bigger size
49、of socks they will wearC.the longer their legs will beD.the more likely they are away from foot injuries(2).The small muscles in the foot are often _.（分数：3.00）A.compared with the core muscles in the abdomenB.compared with the core muscles for stabilityC.estimated about their function in movementD.overlooked about their function in movement(3).Most athletes suffer from _.（分数：3.00）A.muscle injuries in the armsB.overuse injuries in the feetC.nerve injuries in the headsD.bone injuries in the shoulders(4).According to McKeon, the big sole of the sh
