1、职称英语卫生类 C 级真题 2015 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is Uabsurd/U to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow. A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. foolish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.It is Uprudent/U to start any exercise program gradually at first. A. workable B. sensible C. p
2、ossible D. feasible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The room is Udim/U and quiet. A. tiny B. pleasant C. dark D. agreeable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.John Utalked over/U the new job offer with his wife. A. discussed B. mentioned C. accepted D. rejected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He Upurchased/U a ticket and went up on the top deck
3、. A. bought B. took C. showed D. made（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.He looks like a Ucrazy/U man. A. lazy B. patient C. mad D. happy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.We cannot permit such Uconduct/U. A. movement B. word C. principle D. behavior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He Ureplied/U that this was absolutely impossible. A. started B.
4、 answered C. said D. claimed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.I am rather exhausted, I must Uconfess/U. A. adapt B. allege C. admit D. allot（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The workers in that factory Umanufacture/U furniture. A. promote B. paint C. produce D. polish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.In the latter case the Uoutcome/U can be
5、serious indeed. A. result B. judgement C. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep Uconvictions/U. A. statements B. beliefs C. suggestions D. claims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.We cannot Uexist/U without air, food or water. A. expand B. rise C. live D. quit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.I
6、t is Uvirtually/U impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A. simply B. almost C. totally D. completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.You should have Ublended/U the butter with the sugar thoroughly. A. spread B. beaten C. mixed D. covered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Using HIV Virus t
7、o Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune (免疫的) def
8、enses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S. Fo
9、od and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have “far wider applications“.The
10、 plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking“ but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by
11、having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normall
12、y.Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the i
13、mmune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies.（分数：7.00）(1).FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The
14、 idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The HIV virus is an excellent warrior
15、to fight the bodys immune cells. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement gene
16、s to cure cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Drink Your Body Needs Most1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% w
17、ater. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and orga
18、ns.2 We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong
19、smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3 A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That g
20、ives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you shou
21、ld add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you
22、when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont need.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Ounces of water needed per day B. Im
23、portance of water C. Composition of water D. Signs of dehydration E. Supply of water F. Necessity for bringing a bottle for water Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. in your body B. without water C. be
24、fore long D. for a change E. on a busy day F. to your weight One cannot live _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The amount of water your body needs per day is related _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Dont forget to drink enough water even _.（分数：1.0
25、0）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)First AidFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed air
26、way (气道), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss
27、 of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).D
28、espite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, asse
29、ss the scene, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for medical bracelet (手镯) or card that descri
30、bes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by th
31、e acronym (首字母缩写词) ABC, which stands for:AAirway: Is it open and unobstructed?BBreathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.CCirculation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation proble
32、ms.Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured persons head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without
33、 choking or obstructing the airway.（分数：15.00）(1).First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT _. A. saving a victims life B. preventing a victims condition from getting worse C. helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury D. relieving a victim from pain（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Before w
34、e administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us _. A. to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid B. to make sure what to do and what not to do C. to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing D. to take him to a hospital at once（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In administering first aid
35、to a victim, you should first of all _. A. remove him from the accident scene B. turn him over C. examine him carefully D. call for professional medical help（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).You may assess a victims condition by all the following EXCEPT _. A. checking whether there is a pulse B. looking, listeni
36、ng and feeling for breathing C. examining whether the airway is open and clear D. replacing his medical bracelet or card（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader _. A. some basic facts about first aid B. the importance of protecting the accident scene C. what professional
37、 medical help is D. who can administer first aid（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. States Do Poorly in Womens HealthNot a single U.S. state meets basic federal goals for womens health, and the nation as a whole fails except in two areasmammograms (乳腺X 光照片) and dental (牙齿的) check-upsresear
38、chers said on Thursday.Millions of women lack health insurance, and states make it difficult to enroll (加入) in Medicaid, the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor, according to the report.And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smokingthe leading cause of death in
39、 the United States.“The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals,“ reads the report, put together by the National Womens Law Center (NWLC) and the Oregon Health & Science University. “These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of womens hea
40、lth.“Of 27 measures examined by the group, from screening for diseases to actually treating them, the nation passes on only two, the researchers said. “The nation is so far from the health goals that it receives an overall grade of unsatisfactory,“ they wrote.The problem seems to be a lack among sta
41、tes of an overall plan for health in general, the NWLC said.“State policy makers piecemeal (一件一件做的) approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of women,“ Judy Waxman, NWLC Vice President for Health, said in a statement
42、.“Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive, long-term approach to meeting womens health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families. “（分数：15.00）(1).In which area is the nation successful? A. Dental check-ups. B. Health promotion. C. Disease screening. D. Cancer treatment.（分数：3
43、.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Medicaid is a program aimed at helping _. A. women B. the poor C. the old D. children（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which is Americas number one killer? A. Stress. B. Heart disease. C. Cancer. D. Smoking.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The national goals for womens health make it easier to _. A. meet wom
44、ens health needs B. assess the status of womens health C. solve womens health problems D. deal with the health care crisis（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which approach was recommended by Judy Waxman? A. The piecemeal approach. B. A state-federal approach. C. A comprehensive, long-term approach. D. A complex a
45、pproach.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)UlcersEven though ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regu
46、lar use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genes according to Dr.Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at
47、 the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report.Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins “to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease,“ they explain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal tw
