1、职称英语卫生类 C 级真题 2014 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here. （分数：1.00）A.receivesB.deservesC.preventsD.accepts2.His knowledge of French is fair. （分数：1.00）A.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite goodD.rather special3.The new servic
2、e helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%. （分数：1.00）A.returnB.increaseC.realizeD.double4.He made a number of rude remarks about the food. （分数：1.00）A.commentsB.signsC.mannersD.noises5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.（分数：1.00）A.fineB.winterC.outdoorD.extra6.Afterwards there was just a feeling
3、of let-down.（分数：1.00）A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.caim7.The book raised a storm of controversy. （分数：1.00）A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. （分数：1.00）A.partsB.aspectsC.resultsD.pains9.My principal concern is to get the job done fast. （分数：1.00）A.
4、seriousB.deepC.mainD.particular10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. （分数：1.00）A.proveB.discoverC.considerD.imagine11.Some comments are just inviting trouble. （分数：1.00）A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from12.Im sure Ill be able to amuse myself for
5、a few hours. （分数：1.00）A.treatB.holdC.entertainD.keep13.Several windows had been smashed. （分数：1.00）A.brokenB.cleanedC.replacedD.fixed14.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow. （分数：1.00）A.partyB.celebrationC.unionD.conference15.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her. （分数：1.00）A.jumpB.hopeC.
6、silenceD.life二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Some Schooling on Backpacks According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctorsoffices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that
7、more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children. How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly,
8、 so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up. I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 perc
9、ent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes. Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many
10、are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack. Roller bags often dont fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a go
11、od idea. （分数：7.00）(1).About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Backpacks with wide, padded straps and
12、a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Children should put all the books in their lockers. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6
13、).Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A 10-15 minutesexercise will help you bear a heavier backpack. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Eye Problems 1 . Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these day
14、s as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands . Sunlight, especially in the summer, is now regarded as one cause of cataracts(白内障) 2 . The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外线) are reaching the ear
15、th, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion su
16、nglasses. 3 . “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s,” says Dr . Mireille Bonnet, who more than 100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest .
17、4 . It was traditionally thought that near- or far- sightedness were inherited conditions and could not be influenced by environmental factors. but new research is challenging this assumption . 5. Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe
18、are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two- dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers. 6 . Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use . Using co
19、mputer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (电磁场) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which result from staring at a screen . （分数：8.00）(1).A. The development of poor night vision
20、B. The greatest threat to the eyes C. The function of sunglasses D. The reason for childrens nearsightedness E. The effects of computer on the eyes F. The ways to reduce eye complaints Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4)
21、.Paragraph 5 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. our parents B. clouded vision C. eye muscles D. our eyes E. computer use F. eye move Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of _. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).We can wear antr-UV glasses to protect _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).We used to believe that
22、near- or far sightedness were inherited from _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇：The Bilingual Brain When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea s a teenager, he had
23、 a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language. As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. Their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that chi
24、ldren and adults dont use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI( magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as chil
25、dren The other consisted of people who, like Kim, learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to t
26、hink about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldnt speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Brocas area , which is believed to control speech production,
27、 and Wernickes area, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernickes area no matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Brocas area was different. People who learned a second language as children used the same region
28、 in Brocas area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Brocas area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their
29、 brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. . A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as a
30、dults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class. （分数：15.00）(1).Kad Kims study showed that （分数：3.00）A.people learn English and Korean in differen
31、t ways .B.children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second language.C.it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently.D.peoples brain will not change when they learn a second language(2).How did kim and Hirsch study the brains of two groups of bilingual
32、people? （分数：3.00）A.They interviewed them in English and Korean.B.They asked them to speak the same language.C.They used an MRI scanner to observe their brain.D.They asked them to talk about what they had done the day before.(3).Which aspect of the two language centers in the brain does Paragraph 3 d
33、iscuss? （分数：3.00）A.ImpactB.FunctionC.LocationD.Size(4).Kim and Hirsch find that children （分数：3.00）A.use the same region in Brocas area to learn their first and second language.B.learn a second language slower than adults.C.are better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adults.D.u
34、se special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （分数：3.00）A.students do better in high school than in college.B.bilingual children will learn better in college classes.C.mothers are good language teachersD.it takes mo
35、re time for adults to learn a second language.第二篇： Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different . Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence
36、 and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences . Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .Th
37、ese psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly o
38、n one test ,do the same on all tests . Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude t
39、hat differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain . Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one intelligenc
40、e test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life
41、 .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences . Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain
42、 still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic . （
43、分数：15.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage ? （分数：3.00）A.The importance of intelligence .B.The development of intelligence tests .C.How to become intelligent .D.How to understand intelligence.(2).Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ? （分数：3.00）A.Most intel
44、ligent people do well on some intelligence tests .B.Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .C.Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .D.People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .(3).Gardner believes that _ . （分数：3.00）A.all children
45、 are alike .B.children should take one intelligence test .C.there is no general intelligence .D.children have different intelligences .(4).According to Gardner, schools should _ . （分数：3.00）A.test students IQs .B.promote development of all intelligences .C.train students who do poorly on tests .D.foc
46、us on finding the most intelligent students .(5).Gardner thinks that his theory has a _ . （分数：3.00）A.musical foundation .B.biological foundation .C.intrapersonal foundation .D.linguistic foundation .第三篇： Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has
47、 ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs. Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected an
48、d dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep. Last year, a mem
49、ber of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island3，crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness. The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases o
