1、职称英语卫生类 C 级真题 2004 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项 (第 115 题，(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We are certain that he will get over his illness （分数：1.00）A.sureB.happyC.surprisedD.excited2. A research center has been set up in this country （分数：1.00）A.praisedB.establishedC.reformedD.criticized3.If headaches
2、 only occur at night，lack of fresh air is often the cause （分数：1.00）A.deliverB.fallC.happenD.arrive4.The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank （分数：1.00）A.sufferB.acceptC.receiveD.endure5.A small number of firms have stopped trading （分数：1.00）A.hotelsB.shopsC.restaurantsD.companies6.In o
3、rder to survive man needs to consume food and water （分数：1.00）A.workB.playC.1iveD.walk7.The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations （分数：1.00）A.startedB.finishedC.changedD.made8.It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam. （分数：1.00）A.veryB.completelyC.usuallyD.mostly9.Th
4、eir parents once lived under very severe condition。- （分数：1.00）A.soundB.hardC.strictD.tight10.Michael is now merely a good friend （分数：1.00）A.largelyB.possiblyC.justD.rarely11.Have you talked to her lately? （分数：1.00）A.lastlyB.finallyC.shortlyD.recently12.While we dont agree，we continue to be friends （
5、分数：1.00）A.WhoeverB.WhereC.AlthoughD.Whatever13.Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration （分数：1.00）A.MuchB.LargeC.SmallD.Fixed14.About one million Americans are diagnosed，annually with skin cancer （分数：1.00）A.every yearB.severelyC.activelyD.every month15. The policeman wrote down all
6、 the particulars of the accident （分数：1.00）A.secretsB.detailsC.benefitsD.words二、第 2 部分：阅读判断 (第 16-22 题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45But now，she Can live until at
7、 least 80 One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves betterWe know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they needWe know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better againAnd
8、we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily But in order that we dont slip back into bad habits，lets have a look at what life was like 100 years ago Families had between 15 and 20 children，athough many babies didnt live longChildren suffered from lots of d
9、iseases，especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病)，which are both caused by bad dietsThis is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string，b
10、ecause there was no room for them to lie down People didnt have fridges until the 1920sThey kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight lo earn money for their parentsIf you had liv
11、ed 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now （分数：7.00）(1).On average women lived longer than men 1 00 years ago （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons （分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wro
12、ngC.Not mentioned(3). A hundred years ago many kids died at all early age （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping （分数：1.00）A.Rig
13、htB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Life was not easy for many children living 1 00 years ago （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第 23(总题数：2，分数：8.00)English and English Community 1 There is no doub
14、t that English is a useful languageThe people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese 2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communitiesThe people who make up the community share a common languageOften they live s
15、ide by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊)，a village，or a cityMore often they form a whole countryNational boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech communityA speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live 3
16、 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech communityFor convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of educ
17、ation，commerce，and so on 4 Learning a second language extends ones vision and expands the mindThe history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture；a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feelLearning Eng
18、lish as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage 23 Paragraph 1_ . 24 Paragraph 2_ . 25 Paragraph 3_ . 26 Paragraph 4_ . A Threat Posed by English B Definition of a Speech Community C Bene
19、fits of Learning a Second Language D Advantages of Learning Chinese E Two Groups of the English Speech Community F A Widely Used Language （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of _ 28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different fr
20、om _ . 29 People who live in different places may belong to _ . 30 Many people learn English as _ . A a second language B the same language C the same speech community D any other language E national boundaries F a part of ones heritage （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 31,4
21、5 题，每(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 USBlacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans，but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites，the American Cancer Society said Monday In a special report on cancer and blacksthe organization said blacks are usually di
22、agnosed with cancer later than whitesand they are more likely to die of the diseaseThis could be because of unequal(不平等的)access to medical care，because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well，and perhaps because of differences in the biology(生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added
23、“In general，black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,”the report said “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans，this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused
24、 by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care” The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get checkups(体格检查)earlier, when cancer is more treatable，and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role “The new statistics emphasiz
25、e the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts，”the organization said in a statement But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates“Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black American
26、s since 1992，as have incidence rates(发生率)，”said the report （分数：15.00）(1). Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than （分数：3.00）A.people in other countriesB.white AmericansC.a11 other AmericansD.their ancestors(2).Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? （分数：
27、3.00）A.Unequal access to medical careB.Greater probability of having other diseasesC.Differences in the biology of the cancer.D.Early diagnosis(3).Cancer is more treatable if it is detected （分数：3.00）A.in an early stageB.in a late stageC.all of a suddenD.together with other diseases(4).Public policy
28、and education efforts may help to do away with （分数：3.00）A.death ratesB.various cancersC.unfair social differencesD.biological differences(5).Since 1 992，cancer death rates among black Americans （分数：3.00）A.have been going up and downB.have remained stableC.have increasedD.have fallen.第二篇 A Desert Bet
29、ween Paul and Clara Paul had long promised to marry ClaraBut at thirty?thee he met and married AliceClara was driven mad Paul was taken to courtThe judge ordered him to pay Clara$600 because of the broken promisePaul had to borrow the money from a moneylenderHe agreed to pay back$5 a monthfor twenty
30、 yearsHis wages at the time were$16 a month Paul and Alice were poor but not unhappyThey had little enough food，certainly，even before the children began to arriveEach month Paul paid$5 to the moneylenderHe worked hard, never taking a holidayIn time，there were seven mouths to feed Illness was always
31、with themIt grew serious when the oldest child was eightThe years of hunger weakened the family, because each month Paul paid$5The details of the sickness were ugly, but the result was this：after twelve years of family life，Paul was alone in the world. He lived aloneexcept for memoriesWork was not n
32、ow a god for him：it was a pain-killerEach month he paid，and in time the twenty years endedFrom that moment his wages were his own One day, It was a holiday went to the seasideHe sat down on a seat by the seaA middleaged woman came and sat down near himThey recognized each other at once. The woman sa
33、id“The$600 has been in the bank since the day it was paid to meIt is now $6，000，and I have kept it for youWill you let me share it with you?” “No，”said Paul，gently“Each thousand is a lost life in a desert between us. It can never bring any happiness” （分数：15.00）(1).Paul was ordered to pay Clara$600 b
34、ecause （分数：3.00）A.he had borrowed $600 from herB.he had broken his word to marry herC.he had promised to give her$600D.he had spent a lot of her money(2).How many children did Paul and Alice have? （分数：3.00）A.Two.B.Four.C.Five.D.Eight.(3). Twelve years after his marriage，Paul was （分数：3.00）A.poor but
35、not sadB.very sickC.free from debt.D.lonely and unhappy(4).After his wife and children died，Paul turned to his work to （分数：3.00）A.ease his painB.forget his debtC.get pleasureD.seek friendship(5).When Paul met Clara again 20 years later, he decided （分数：3.00）A.to share the$600 with herB.not to marry h
36、erC.to ask back the$600D.not to refuse her offer第三篇 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in EuropeAs a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages When Nightingale was 17
37、，she told her family that she was going to help sick peopleHer parents did not approve，but Nightingale was determined She traveled to hospitals all over EuropeShe saw that doctors were working too hardShe saw that patients died because they did not get enough careNightingale felt that women could be
38、 doing more to help doctors take care of sick people Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more，they needed special training in how to take care of sick peopleNightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursingThen she returned to London and became the head of a group of women calle
39、d Gentlewomen During IllnessThese women cared for sick people in their homes In 1854England was fighting a war with Russiareporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the woundedPeople demanded that something be done about itA leader of the government asked Florence
40、Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitalsSo，in November 1 854，Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital She took along 3 8 nurses whom she had trained herself At firstthe doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitalsThey did not believe that
41、women could helpBut in fact，the nurses did make a differenceThey worked around the clock，tending the sickThanks to their hard work，many wounded soldiers survived After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated 1ike heroes。Finally，in 1 860，she started the Nightingale School for NursesIn time，t
42、hanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing became an important part of medicine （分数：15.00）(1).Florence Nightingale was born into a rich （分数：3.00）A.Italian familyB.Russian familyC.English familyD.German family(2).Nightingales parents did not approve of her decision （分数：3.00）A.to work as a doctorB.to care
43、for sick peopleC.to fight in the war with RussiaD.to travel to hospitals all over Europe(3). It was not until the War with Russia that Nightingale （分数：3.00）A.got to work in a hospitalB.began to study nursingC.started to care for sick people in their homesD.became the head of Gentlewomen During Illne
44、ss(4).On the battlefields Nightingale and her nurses proved to be （分数：3.00）A.as bad as the doctors had expectedB.quite generousC.less than usefulD.very helpful(5).Nightingale played a great role in （分数：3.00）A.the building of war hospitalsB.the education of womenC.the development of nursingD.the impr
45、ovement of working conditions for women五、第 5 部分：补全短文 (第 46-50 题(总题数：1，分数：10.00)All of US have felt painWe have cut ourselvesWe have been burnedOr we have had headachesSome of us suffer pain rarely pain rarely. _ (46) Pain can take complete control of our body and mind，making it impossible to move an
46、d even to thinkYet we need painWithout it，we would not know1f we have hurt ourselvesIt is our bodys warning system. _ (47) Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor It is the most common reason we take medicinesUntil recently，however, most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pa
47、ins _ (48)But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. _ (49)Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the
48、 brain：one very fast，the other slowThe first message is the warning signalIt moves at a speed of 30 meters a secondIn less than a second，the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and how badly it is injured _ (50)It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals A And others have painful attacks all the time B These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area，up the spinal cord(脊髓)to the brain，and back down again C It tells us that We are injured and should do something about it D They knew little about the process of pain itself E The other me
