1、职称英语卫生类 C 级真题 2003 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项（第 1-15 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I am not certain whether he will come. （分数：1.00）A.sureB.determinedC.sorryD.glad2.she seemed to have detected some anger in his voice. （分数：1.00）A.heardB.noticedC.realizedD.got3. Please do not hesitate to call
2、me if I can be of further assistance. （分数：1.00）A.seeB.contactC.helpD.touch4.In short, I am going to live there myself. （分数：1.00）A.In other wordsB.That is to sayC.To be frankD.In a word5.He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. （分数：1.00）A.behaviorB.st
3、yleC.modeD.attitude6. I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan. （分数：1.00）A.makingB.keepingC.implementingD.changing7.Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke. （分数：1.00）A.readilyB.casuallyC.simplyD.obviously8.We all think that Marys husband is a very boring person. （分数：1.00）A.shyB.stu
4、pidC.selfishD.dull9.The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. （分数：1.00）A.promoteB.paintC.polishD.produce10.they only have a limited amount of time to get their points across. （分数：1.00）A.largeB.totalC.similarD.small11.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. （分数：1
5、.00）A.influenceB.forceC.surpriseD.power12.can you follow the plot? （分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.understandD.write13. Even in a highly modernized country, Manual work is a still needed. （分数：1.00）A.mentalB.physicalC.naturalD.hard14.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. （分数：1.00）A.ju
6、dgementB.resultC.decisionD.event15.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions. （分数：1.00）A.beliefsB.statementsC.suggestionsD.claims二、第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Pay Rise or Not? “Unless I get a rise, Ill have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley,” George Strong said to himself. George lik
7、ed his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far be
8、tter. George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didnt like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there. Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was
9、 in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money
10、 for raises(加工资) for his workers. Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang. His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very
11、 young engineer. The Company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him. Manley rubbed his forehead（前额）; his problems seemed endlessl. （分数：7.00）(1). Henry Manley was already deeply in debt. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2). The job that had been offered to George Strong in
12、Birmingham paid better. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3). If George Strong took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family in Wyeford. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Henry Manleys company was making enough profits to raise the workers wages. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC
13、.Not mentioned(5). Henry Manleys company was making enough profits to raise the workers wages. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Henry Manley had no idea at all why George wanted to see him. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).George Strong was a very creative engineer. （分数：1.00）A.Righ
14、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 233(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Friendly Relations with the people Around 1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness（归属）that you must have to feel secure. But, In fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong al
15、so depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himsefl in bound（一定的）to be a lonely wolf. 2 The need for companionship is closely realated to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your fe
16、elings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish rela
17、tionships that are satisfying both to you and to them. 3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You dont know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering fo
18、r the team you wanted to win. 4 An experience of this kind gives the clue（线索）to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed. 5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances（
19、熟人）, you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people. 23 Paragraph2 _ 23 Paragraph3 _ 23 Paragraph4 _ 23 Paragraph5 _ A Close Link Between Companionship and Belongingness B How to Satisfy Oth
20、er Peoples Needs C An Example of a Satisfying Relationship D Difficulties in Establishing Friendships E What Companionship Really Is F Making Friends With New Acquaintances 27 If you had no one th share your feelings, your life would be _. 28 The warm feeling of belongingness may give you _. 29 The
21、ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you _. 30 You will find it hard to make friends with people _. A sad and lonely B emotionally healthy C without real love for them D a sense of security E a lonely wolf F without pity （分数：8.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B
22、.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇： What Is Death? People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the
23、 heart stops beating. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life? Th
24、is question has caused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal(切除) of u
25、ndiseased（没病的）organs for transplant（移植） operations. The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it usually is easy to t
26、ell when the brain has died. They put small electrodes(电极) on a persons skull (头骨) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve
27、cells. The brain is dead when the waves stop moving. Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for variouis reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted. （分数：15.00）(1)People in the past held that the difference between life and deat
28、h （分数：3.00）A.was easy to tell.B.did not exist.C.lay in the brain.D.was open to debate.(2).Which of the following is NOT a phenomenon mentioned in the passage? （分数：3.00）A.The heart may keep beating after the brain has died.B.The body may still be alive after the heart and the brain have stopped worki
29、ng.C.The brain may still be active after the heart has stopped beating.D.The lung may keep breathing after the brain has died.(3). When a person should be consider dead is currently a matter （分数：3.00）A.which has caused heated argument in the US.B.which few people in the US care much about.C.which on
30、ly doctors can settle.D.which has already been settled.(4).The brain controls the other body activities through （分数：3.00）A.medical devices.B.small electrodes.C.the brain waves.D.the nerve cells.(5).More and more people are beginning to accept the idea that a person is dead （分数：3.00）A.when the heart
31、stops beating.B.when the brain becomes less active.C.when doctors stop medical treatment.D.when the brain stops working.第二篇： New foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing about people-not their clothes, ideas, or languages has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate was
32、 made from the seeds of the cocoa tree(可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish Introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some sti
33、ll exit today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “potato Famine(饥荒)” of 1845-1846, and thousands more
34、 were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in colombia and other South
35、American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country is Africa. It was first made into a drink by Aragbs during the 1400s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and
36、 experienced the “wide- awake” feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with. （分数：15.00）(1). According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （分数：3.00）A.ClothingB.FoodC.IdeologyD.Language(2).“some” in the last sentence of the firs
37、t paragragh refers to （分数：3.00）A.some cocoa treesB.some chocolate drinksC.some South American IndiansD.some shops(3).Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine” because （分数：3.00）A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything elseB.they were forced to leave th
38、eir homeland and move to America.C.the potato harvest was badD.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.(4).Which country is the largest coffee producer? （分数：3.00）A.ColombiaB.BrazilC.Ethiopia.D.Egypt(5).Which of the following statements is Not True, Acoording to the p
39、assage? （分数：3.00）A.Coffee is native to colombiaB.One-third of the worlds population drinks coffee.C.Coffee can keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.第三篇： Giving Up Smoking A number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine(尼古丁) patches are small, nicotine-con
40、taining adhesive(粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream. Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewe
41、d. The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoking and easily admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use o
42、f cocaine(可卡因) , alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim. The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette
43、 tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark. In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warming on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 19
44、69 to read:“Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerouis to Your Health.”In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces. （分数：15.00）(1).Which of
45、 the following can help a person quit smoking? （分数：3.00）A.Using nicotine patches.B.Reading cigarette advertisements.C.Chewing ordinary gum.D.Participating in social activities.(2).Nicotine gum is used to help a smoker （分数：3.00）A.stop smokingB.reduce weight.C.clean his teeth.D.absorb nicotine immedia
46、tely.(3).The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPT （分数：3.00）A.the reduction of expenses.B.the formation of a good habit.C.the reduction of harm to ones health.D.easier access to institutions that ban smoking.(4).Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and har
47、mful? （分数：3.00）A.Consuming alcohol.B.Using heroin.C.Smoking cigarettes.D.Taking cocaine.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking? （分数：3.00）A.Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.B.Forbidding smoking in all public places.C.Banning cigarette advertising from radio and
48、 TV.D.Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.五、第 5 部分：补全短文（第 46-50 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a histotry of the heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. _(46)
49、 I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didnt take it seriouly. When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol（胆固醇）level was measured for the first time.It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me- an extremely high level that put me at a very high high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health（NIH）to be screened for participation in a clinical trial._(47) At NIH, physicians explained th
