1、职称英语卫生类 C 级模拟 72 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Her father was a quiet man with g raceful manners.（分数：1.00）A.badB.politeC.similarD.usual2.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment .（分数：1.00）A.loveB.surpriseC.doubtD.anger3.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vig
2、orous exercise every day.（分数：1.00）A.energeticB.physicalC.regularD.free4.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil .（分数：1.00）A.failureB.confusionC.doubtD.relief5.Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.（分数：1.00）A.evidenceB.dangerC.caseD.picture6.I enjoyed the play, becau
3、se it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.（分数：1.00）A.longB.originalC.humorousD.boring7.He demolished my arguments in minutes.（分数：1.00）A.disprovedB.disputedC.acceptedD.supported8.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.（分数：1.00）A.combineB.sellC.closeD.break9.Regular visits from a
4、 social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.（分数：1.00）A.immediateB.greatC.equalD.moderate10.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.（分数：1.00）A.privateB.generalC.goodD.special11.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.（分数：1.00）A.attractB.encourageC.re
5、quireD.spend12.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.terribleC.necessaryD.normal13.I can“t put up with my neighbor“s noise any longer, it“s driving me mad.（分数：1.00）A.measureB.generateC.tolerateD.reduce14.The project required ten years of diligent research.（分数：1.00）A.hard
6、workingB.scientificC.basicD.social15.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.（分数：1.00）A.unclearB.brightC.badD.general二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Writing“s on the WallIs it art or is it just vandalism (野蛮行为)? Well, it“s still a crime, but graffiti (涂鸦) has changed since
7、 the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his “tag“, TAKI 183, all over the New York underground in 1971, and hip-hop culture was born. Hip-hop is a mixture of art, music and d
8、ancing, poetry, language and fashion. It came from young inner-city. People who fell left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could. An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, Creator Manchester, has been so successful that pl
9、ans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. “We“re planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week,“ says Liam, one of the organizers. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both s
10、exes. We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other. The first site to be chosen was a subway. Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again. People can relate to gra
11、ffiti much more now. By providing places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of “tagging“ on people“s private property. Street artists Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didn“
12、t spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spend more time with other students. So, at 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys he“d hooked up with who were about 22 years old. He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolv
13、ehampicn, England. “The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything. But it was always the graffiti I was best at.“ he says.（分数：7.00）(1).Demetrius was a teenager born in New York.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The graffiti scheme in Rochodale was for
14、 teenagers only.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).People did not like using the subway before an organized group of graffiti artists came.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Since the scheme started, new wall in the town were sprayed with graffiti.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
15、(5).Most of the other graffiti artists in England were about ten years older than Tem- per.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Temper, a street artist, is now head of graffiti club in England.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Temper is involved in many different aspects of hip-hop cult
16、ure.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)How Much You Know About the Common ColdMany people catch a cold in the springtime or fall. It makes us wonder, if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can“t they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. Ther
17、e are actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn“t a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and cause a block in it. You feel terrible because you can“t breathe
18、 well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature goes up and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it
19、can to kill the cold virus. Different people have different cures for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to make themselves feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids (流汁). Other people take medicine to stop various sy
20、mptoms (症状) of colds. There is one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn“t have a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. They can beat down t
21、he viruses by themselves. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this: It takes about one week to get over a cold if you don“t take medicine, but it takes only seven days to get over a cold if you take medicine.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. High Time for Cat
22、ching Cold B. Different Ways of Coping With Common Cold C. Suggestions of Scientists D. Introduction of Common Cold E. Medicine for Common Cold F. How Our Body Attack Against the Cold Viruses（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Scientists can“
23、t cure common cold because 1. A. one week B. eat chicken soup C. there are actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses D. half a month E. drink warm liquids F. the heat of your body can kill the cold viruses（分数：1.00）(6).When catching cold, you get a fever because 1.（分数：1.00）(7).In the United States,
24、to feel better when catching cold, people might 1.（分数：1.00）(8).According to scientists, taking medicine or not will take you 1 to get over the common cold.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Foot-and-mouth DiseaseBritons“ most searing memories of their encounter with foot-and-m
25、outh disease in 2001 are of the piles of animals slaughtered to try to stop its spread. Such a draconian policy might have been accepted had the disease been controlled quickly. But its ineffectiveness more than 6m cows, sheep and pigs were culled before the disease was eradicatedled to widespread r
26、evulsion and a government rethink. Just as in 2001, if an animal is thought to be infected, its herd will be culled and a quarantine zone set up. But this time, unless the disease is stamped out quickly, animals nearby will also be vaccinated to create a “fire-break“ across which it is unlikely to t
27、ravel. Already 300,000 doses of vaccine have been ordered, so that if government vets decide that slaughter alone is unlikely to be effective, they can start vaccinating straight away. Humans almost never catch foot-and-mouth and it rarely kills the cloven-hooved beasts it affects. But animals produ
28、ce less milk and meat, so its economic effects are severe. It is also highly contagious: infected livestock produce the virus that causes it in large quantities, and transmit it through saliva, mucus, milk, faeces and even droplets in their breath. Even so, only countries where foot-and-mouth is end
29、emic, as in parts of Latin America, vaccinate all animals. One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus with seven main types and tens of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year. It is also because vaccinating damages exp
30、orts. Places that are free from foot-and-mouth are unwilling to import vaccinated beasts, or fresh meat from them, because they may still carry the disease. The fear of being shut out of foreign markets led to the British government“s disastrous foot-dragging over vaccination in 2001. But that same
31、year an outbreak in the Netherlands involving 26 farms was brought under control in just one month by vaccinating 200,000 animals. Though healthy, these beasts then had to be culled so that farmers could return to exporting without restrictions as soon as possible. Not even eternal vigilance on impo
32、rts can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth disease: the latest outbreak was apparently caused by a breach of bio-security at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government researchers keep the live virus for vaccine research and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufacture
33、s vaccine for export. Human action, accidental or deliberate, seems likely to have been involved. Ironically, one reason for eschewing vaccination is that although it provides the best hope of dealing with outbreaks, maintaining the capacity to produce vaccine is itself a risky business. Many earlie
34、r episodes of foot-and-mouth in countries normally free from the disease have been caused by laboratory escapes; in 1970 a leak from Pirbright“s isolation facilities was fortunately contained.（分数：15.00）(1).Which one of the following statements is not TRUE of the foot-and-mouth disease in Briton in 2
35、001?（分数：3.00）A.The disease had never been effectively controlled throughout the event.B.The policy of slaughtering animals to stop the disease spread proved to be a failure.C.The slaughtering policy was arousing discontent among the public in Britons.D.The government failed to take immediate actions
36、 of creating firebreak around the infected livestock.(2).The new policy is different from the policy in 2001 in the following aspects except _.（分数：3.00）A.the piles of animals will not be slaughtered as in 2001B.animals near the infected herb will be injected with vaccineC.a belt of quarantine with v
37、accinated animals will be erectedD.it is paying more attention to prevention of the outbreak of the epidemic(3).Only a few countries have all of their animals injected with vaccines because of the following reason except _.（分数：3.00）A.it is unnecessary to vaccinate all the animals in counties in whic
38、h there are little chances of infecting foot-and-mouthB.the cost of vaccines against all types of the virus causing the disease is very highC.vaccinated animals are less welcomed by importing countriesD.the vaccine cost will be rising as types of virus causing the disease are increasing(4).Though va
39、ccinated animals were free from the foot-and-mouth in Britain and Netherlands in 2001, they were still slaughtered because _.（分数：3.00）A.they may be more likely to infect the virus than the healthy onesB.the exporting restrictions were too strict to let these animals pass the customC.the farmers were
40、 afraid of being deprived of the exporting rightD.the government wanted to regain the former status of exporting animals(5).The outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease may be a result of the following situations except _.（分数：3.00）A.animals being wrongly or incompletely injected with vaccinationB.importin
41、g animals from the countries with the foot-and-mouth-diseaseC.leak of the virus during the research experimentationD.malicious actions by some people with particular purpose六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but als
42、o for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, su
43、ch as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged. The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy
44、 body. The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising. In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS ove
45、r 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch,“ said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain. Humans do not eat raw potatoe
46、s, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starchstarch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intes
47、tine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immunology expert Lena Ohman“s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are
48、 transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman i
49、s currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.（分数：15.00）(1).What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?（分数：3.00）A.Potato soup.B.Potato cake.C.Potato salad.D.Hot boiled potato.(2).What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?（分数：3.00）A.It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.B.It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed.C.It means that the body is challenged.D.It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any m
