1、职称英语卫生类 C级模拟 71及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.（分数：1.00）A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.accepted2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.（分数：1.00）A.heavyB.strongC.kindD.wild3.It is no use debating the relat
2、ive merits of this policy.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.（分数：1.00）A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.（分数：1.00）A.functionB.abilityC.powerD.volume6.Our lives are intimately bou
3、nd up with theirs.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.（分数：1.00）A.supportedB.excitedC.inspiredD.directed8.The book provides a concise analysis of the country“s history.（分数：1.00）A.cleanB.perfectC.realD.brief9.It is laid down in the regulations that
4、all members must carry their membership cards at all times.（分数：1.00）A.suggestedB.warnedC.statedD.confirmed10.The council meeting terminated at 2 o“clock.（分数：1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.resumed11.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.（分数：1.00）A.signB.substituteC.proofD.target12.However
5、 bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.（分数：1.00）A.reluctantB.eagerC.pleasedD.angry13.It has been said that the acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.（分数：1.00）A.limitB.controlC.replaceD.offset14.The secretary is expected to exp
6、lore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.（分数：1.00）A.denyB.investigateC.stressD.create15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.（分数：1.00）A.graduallyB.suddenlyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Keep on
7、 FightingTurning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee against invasion, still less against serious raids, could have been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the sa
8、me wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading (封锁) fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has excited and befooled (愚弄) the imaginations of many continental tyrants. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured t
9、hat novel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originality of malice (怨恨), the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem(战略) and every kind of brutal and treacherous (奸诈的) maneuver (花招). I think that no idea is so
10、outlandish (古怪的) that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but at the same time, I hope, with a steady eye. We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exercised. I have, myself, full confidence that if all do th
11、eir duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace (威胁) of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone. At any rate, that
12、 is what we are going to try to do. This is the resolve of his Majesty“s governmentevery man of them. This is the will of parliament and the nation. The British Empire and the French republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each o
13、ther like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious (可憎的) apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag (变弱) or fail. We shall go on to the end, we shall fight i
14、n France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost might be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we s
15、hall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated (征服) and starving, then our empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God“s good time, t
16、he new world, with its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.（分数：7.00）(1).Throughout Britain“s history, there has been no guarantee that an invasion would not happen.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Napoleon and his army once crossed the English Channel an
17、d conquered Britain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The enemy will use every means conceivable to destroy Britain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Churchill is confident that he will live longer than Hitler.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The Royal Air Force will launch
18、massive air strikes against the Germans.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The British Empire is so strong that it does not have to take Hitler“s menace seriously.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Although many countries have been overrun by the Germans, the British people will never
19、give in.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)How We Form First ImpressionWe all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or heraside perhaps from a few remarks or readily
20、observable traits? The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person“s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. I
21、n fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory informationthe sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层) system to determine what these new signals “mean“. If you see someone you k
22、now and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If you see someone new, it says, “newpotentially threatening“. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The
23、more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don“t like this person.“ Or else, “I am intrigued.“ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestureslike your other friends; so your brain says. “I like this person.“ But these preliminar
24、y “impressions“ can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking, like the immature thinking of a very young child that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of peopletheir history, interest, values, s
25、trengths, and true characterwe categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person“s
26、 character, we use a different, more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Stereotype People with a Less Maturity B. Comment on First Impression C. Illustration of First Impression D. Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories E.
27、 A More Mature Way of Knowing a Person F. Differences Among Jocks (骗子), Geeks (反常人)and Freaks (怪人)（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Sensory information is one that is received through 1. A. a stranger“s less mature type of thinking B. the m
28、ost complex areas of our cortex C. the immature form of thinking of a very young people D. the meaning of incoming sensory information E. the sights and sounds of the world F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking（分数：1.00）(6).You interpret 1 by comparing it against the memories alrea
29、dy stored in your brain.（分数：1.00）(7).The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Weaver Ants in AfricaThe humble but industrious ant
30、 has long served as a metaphor for the economic virtues of simplicity, parsimony and diligence. But in the case of weaver ants in Africa, this description may be more than just a metaphor. According to Paul van Mele of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and his colleagues,
31、 African mango farmers could increase their harvests by as much as two-thirds with the help of these doughty insects. Mangoes in Africa, as elsewhere, often fall prey to fruit flies, which destroy about 40% of the continent“s crop. In fact, fruit flies are so common in African mangoes that America h
32、as banned their import altogether, to protect its own orchards. African farmers, meanwhile, have few practical means to defend their fruit. Chemical pesticides are expensive. And even for those who can afford them they are not that effective since, by the time a farmer spots an infestation, it is to
33、o late to spray. Added to that, spraying tall trees is a much more complicated and unhealthy business than treating low-growing fruit and vegetables. Agricultural scientists have also looked at controlling fruit flies with parasitic wasps. But the most common ones kill off only about one fly in 20,
34、leaving plenty of survivors to go on the rampage. Lethal traps baited with fly-attracting pheromones are another option. But they, too, are expensive. Moreover, all these methods require farmers to detect the presence of fruit flies, and to identify them as the main threat to their cropno mean feat
35、when most of the action is taking place in dense, leafy canopies ten metres off the ground. Instead, most farmers simply harvest their fruit early, when it is not yet fully ripe. This makes it less vulnerable to the flies, but also less valuable. Farmers whose trees are teeming with weaver ants, how
36、ever, do not need to bother with any of this. In a survey of several orchards in Benin, Dr van Mele and his colleagues found an average of less than one fruit-fly pupa in each batch of 30 mangoes from trees where weaver ants were abundant, but an average of 77 pupae in batches from trees without wea
37、ver ants. The weaver ants, it turns out, are very thorough about hunting down and eating fruit flies, as well as a host of other pests. The only drawback is the ants“ painful bite, which can be avoided by harvesting fruit with poles, rather than climbing trees. Weaver ants have been used for pest co
38、ntrol in China and other Asian countries for centuries. The practice has also been adopted in Australia. But Dr van Mele argues that it is particularly suited to Africa since weaver ants are endemic to the mangogrowing regions of the continent, and little training or capital is needed to put them to
39、 work. All you need do is locate a suitable nest and run string from it to the trees you wish to protect. The ants will then quickly find their way to the target. Teaching a group of farmers in Burkina Faso to use weaver ants in this way took just a day. Those farmers no longer use pesticides to con
40、trol fruit flies, and so are able to market their mangoes as organic to eager European consumers, vastly increasing their income. The ants, so to speak, are on the march.（分数：15.00）(1).For weaver ants in Africa, the description of the economic virtues of ant is more than just a metaphor because _.（分数
41、：3.00）A.the weaver ants could really bring out economic benefits for the fruit farmersB.the weaver ants are really economical and diligent in killing the fruit fliesC.the weaver ants are in fact have the economic virtuesD.the weaver ants are not a typical metaphor for the economic virtues(2).The wor
42、d “an infestation“ (line 6, paragraph 2) most probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.a pestB.an infectionC.an invasionD.an aggression(3).The method of using chemical pesticide is not practical to defend the African farmers fruit because of the following reasons except _.（分数：3.00）A.the cost of using chemical pe
43、sticide is too high for most of the farmers in AfricaB.the chemical pesticide is not so effective in killing the fruit pestsC.it is hard to decide a best change of spraying the chemical pesticide with most efficiencyD.it requires special technique to spray tall tress with chemical pesticide(4).Reapi
44、ng the fruit too early is not a good way to deal with the fruit flies because _.（分数：3.00）A.the fruit will be less welcomed in the market given its lack of ripeness.B.the fruit will be of wore taste and thus of much less value.C.the fruit becomes less vulnerable to the fruit flies.D.the fruit will st
45、ill be affected by the flies even after they are harvested.(5).Dr van Mele argues that weaver ants are particularly suited to Africa because of the following reasons except _.（分数：3.00）A.weaver ants are prevalent in the mangogrowing regions in AfricaB.the cost of employing weaver ants is lowC.it is e
46、asy to grasp the method of using the weaver antsD.it requires simple training to make the weaver ants work六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, sa
47、id medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city
48、than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate. “An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,“ said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients
49、 for five years. Among them, 1, 4:33 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women“s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. However, local women were s
