1、职称英语卫生类 C 级分类模拟 8 及答案解析(总分：71.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：10，分数：11.00)1.Smoking is not permitted in the office.（分数：1.00）A.probablyB.possibleC.admittedD.allowed2.She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.（分数：1.00）A.noticedB.heardC.realizedD.got3.The weather is a constant subject of conv
2、ersation in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic4.We consume a lot more than we are able to produce.（分数：2.00）A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell5.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.terribleC.necessaryD.normal6.You look smart in the new suit.（分数：1.00）A.cleverB.handso
3、meC.loyalD.brave7.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.（分数：1.00）A.unclearB.brightC.badD.general8.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger9.Many scientists have been probing psychol
4、ogical problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling10.The osprey flies above the water and when it spots a fish it swoops down to catch it.（分数：1.00）A.dropsB.seesC.wantsD.selects二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Continuing Medical EducationThere is increasing recognition of the need for healt
5、h workers to continue their education throughout their careers. Not only do health workers themselves wish to improve their own skills and competence, but the introduction of new techniques and equipment and the changes taking place in health needs and health care policies necessitate continued trai
6、ning. The phrase “health care“ is intended to mean not just curative treatment for the sick but the whole range of provision for promoting health and preventing disease. In virtually every situation some response to this need has been made, so continuing education does take placeeven though it may i
7、n many instances be ineffective or insufficient. Continuing education may be initiated by the health workers themselves, by their supervisors, by the managers of the health system, or by other agencies such as professional associations, publishers, and drug companies. The form of the continuing educ
8、ation may be written materials (journals, books, advertisements), meetings, courses, supervisory visits, or a variety of other methods. With this diversity of approach it is not surprising that the effectiveness of the continuing education should be variable. So it is natural that in many countries
9、there is a concern that more continuing education should be provided and that it should be more effective. The approach suggested that to achieve this aim is to develop a “system“ of continuing education. This term needs some explanation as it is capable of being interpreted in many ways. A system i
10、s not the same thing as an organization that provides continuing education. It is much more than that. It is the sum of the educational activities, the organizational structure that supports and manages those activities, the management, and the external agencies involved in the provision of health c
11、are. The system should comprise a nationwide coordinated program in which technology and resources are optimally used.（分数：7.00）(1).Health workers themselves are aware of the importance of continued training.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Health needs and health care policies always remain
12、 constant.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The phrase “health care“ means more than curative treatment for the sick.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Continuing medical education is particularly ineffective in developing countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Written ma
13、terials constitute the best form of continuing medical education.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).More effective continuing medical education is called for in many countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A “system“ of continuing education functions in the same way as an organiza
14、tion that provides continuing education.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Icy Microbes1. In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2, 800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research ma
15、y help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice. 2. A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran“s team brought them back and warmed th
16、em up a bit, they sprang back to life. 3. Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2, 800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later exped
17、ition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars. 4. Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2, 200 kilometers due south2 of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ig
18、nored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times
19、more salty than seawater. 5. That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria. 6. The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instrument
20、s that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice
21、 covering.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice Sheet B. Special Features of Lake Vida C. Later Expedition on Mars D. 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens E. Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived F. Accidental D
22、iscovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice 1. A. is found to be a great deal higher than that of seawater B. was of little scientific va
23、lue C. may be older than that collected below 39 feet of ice D. might have come from Mars E. is to collect some briny lake water for analysis F.may return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice（分数：1.00）(6).Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet,
24、 1.（分数：1.00）(7).What the scientists will do in 2004 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)HappinessA proverb allegedly (据说) from ancient China was widely spread in the West: “If you want to be happy for a fe
25、w hours, go to get drunk; if you want the happiness to last three years, get married; if you want a lifetime happiness, take up gardening. “ The reason for the last option is this: Gardening is not only useful; it helps you to identify yourself with nature, and thus brings you new joy each day besid
26、es improving your health. A research of a US university that I“ve read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one“s life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be
27、 something lasting rather than transitory. Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains on
28、e is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him. Happiness is a game balancin
29、g between two endswhat one has and what one wishes for, i. e. , one“s dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud
30、 of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and fru
31、strations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.（分数：15.00）(1).Gardening can bring lifelong happiness because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is a profitable businessB.it can improve a gardener“s ability to remake natureC.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relati
32、onship in marriageD.nature is an unexhausted source of joy(2).The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when they _.（分数：3.00）A.are at leisureB.take the job of gardeningC.are after their goalsD.own great properties(3).Why does the writer mention “a man indulging in dreams of
33、 numerous lovers“ in the third paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain.(4).Wh
34、at kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?（分数：3.00）A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.D.The one who are ready to render help an
35、d accept help from others.(5).What is happiness?（分数：3.00）A.A transitory state of mind.B.Getting everything what one desires.C.An all-working and no-leisure life.D.A desire based on our actual situation.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for
36、lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between
37、with a flip of a switch. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Claes Granqvist. He“s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It“s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.“ So,
38、windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they“re stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter, cold air leaks in. When it“s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries
39、 lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a l
40、ong time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic windows use electricity to c
41、hange color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window dark
42、ens until it“s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory“. All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one
43、 state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,“ Granqvist says, “our buildings may loo
44、k different.“（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?（分数：3.00）A.Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B.Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C.Windows help to save energy by providi
45、ng heat.D.Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.(2).When are windows the weak link in a building?（分数：3.00）A.In the cold winter.B.In the hot summer.C.When air conditioners are turned on.D.Both A and B.(3).What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4?（分数：3.00）A.Windows that
46、are coated.B.Windows that are glazed.C.Windows the color of which can be changed.D.Windows that have many layers.(4).To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?（分数：3.00）A.Electricity.B.Tungsten oxide.C.A battery.D.A voltage.(5).What will be the benefit if the re
47、search on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The buildings will look different.B.Windows can be as large as you want.C.We may not need air conditioners any more.D.They are less expensive than traditional windows.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)UlcersEven though
48、 ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine . In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an
49、increased risk of developing an ulcer. Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genes according to Dr.Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report. Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins “to examine the roles of genetic and environmental fa
