1、职称英语卫生类 C级分类模拟 3及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：7，分数：100.00)Understanding AutismAutism (孤独症) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships, com
2、munication, and behaviour. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly (费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke. The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research sug
3、gests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic (遗传的) factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several “causes“
4、. Most people with mental retardation (智力迟钝的) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits (欠缺) in certain areasmost frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to othersand distinct skills in other areas.
5、It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders, since diagnostic (诊断的) confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques. In general, individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some pe
6、ople who have autism are working as artists, piano tuners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.（分数：16.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. What Causes Autism? B. How Common is Autism?
7、C. Does Autism Occur Together with Other Disabilities? D. What Is Autism? E. What Is the Difference Between Autism and Mental Retardation? F. What Is a Jobs Can Individuals with Autism Do?（分数：2.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：2.00）(5).Individuals with auti
8、sm are particularly weak at 1. A. different techniques B. social relationships and communication C. language and information D. several causes working together E. a degree of repetition F. skill development（分数：2.00）(6).It is possible that autism happens as a result of 1.（分数：2.00）(7).Autism and menta
9、l retardation should be treated with 1.（分数：2.00）(8).A typical feature of people with autism is their uneven 1.（分数：2.00）ZYBAN Tablets (药片)ZYBAN is a prescription (处方) medicine to help people quit smoking. Studies have shown that more than one third of people quit smoking for at least one month while
10、taking ZYBAN. For many patients, ZYBAN reduces withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾过程中产生的症状) and the strong wish to smoke. ZYBAN should be taken as directed by your doctor. The usual recommended dosing (剂量) is to take one 150-mg tablet in the morning for the first 3 days. On the fourth day, begin taking one 150-
11、mg tablet in the morning and one 150-mg tablet in the early evening. Doses should be taken at least 8 hours apart. For most patients, treatment will last 7 to 12 weeks. Because results vary, it may take longer for some people. Possibly up to 6 months depending on the individual. If you“ve been smoki
12、ng for a long time, ZYBAN will help to reduce withdrawal symptoms. It“s important to remain on ZYBAN for at least 7 to 12 weeks in order to quit for good. Your doctor should determine when to stop taking ZYBAN. It takes about 1 week for ZYBAN to reach the right levels in your body to be effective. S
13、o, to increase your chance of quitting as much as possible, you should not stop smoking until you have been taking ZYBAN for 1 week. You should set a date to stop smoking during the second week you“re taking ZYBAN. The side effects (副作用) associated with ZYBAN are generally mild and often disappear a
14、fter a few weeks. The most common side effects are dry mouth and difficulty in sleeping. If you have difficulty sleeping, avoid taking your medicine too close to bedtime.（分数：24.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. How Should I Take ZYBAN? B. What Is ZYBAN? C. What Are the Side Effects of Taking ZYBAN? D. Who Inv
15、ented ZYBAN? E. How Long Should I Take ZYBAN? F. How Long Does It Take for ZYBAN to Work?（分数：3.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：3.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：3.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：3.00）(5).For the first 3 days, ZYBAN should be taken 1. A. only once a day B. around 8 hours C. at least 7 to 12 weeks D. on the
16、fourth day E. about 1 week F. after a few weeks（分数：3.00）(6).To quit smoking for good, you should take ZYBAN for 1.（分数：3.00）(7).The time it takes for ZYBAN to be effective is 1.（分数：3.00）(8).The side effects of taking ZYBAN often go away 1.（分数：3.00）More Than 8 Hours SleepToo much of a Good ThingAlthou
17、gh the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and s
18、taying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night“s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported
19、 in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night“s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed
20、, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep. For instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than pe
21、ople who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising
22、early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing sleep problems than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke no
23、ted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they“ll spend a higher percentage of ti
24、me awake.“ he said.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Keprike“s Research Tool B. Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep C. Criticism on Kripke“s Report D. A Way of Overcoming Insomnia E. Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers F. Classification of Sleep Problems（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3)
25、.Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.50）(5).To get a good night“s rest, people may not need to 1. A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. spend less time in bed F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：1.50）(
26、6).One survey showed that people who habitually 1 each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.50）(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to 1.（分数：1.50）(8).One way to help insomnia for long sleepers is to 1.（分数：1.50）China Seek Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow(骨髓)GapChi
27、na has launched a campaign to recruit more bone marrow donors, amid a shortage of funds as well as of sibling donors who could help the growing number of patients in need of life-saving transplants, state media reported on Monday. The Chinese Red Cross began the national campaign over the weekend to
28、 find donors for some 4 million patients suffering from leukaemia (白血病), thalassanemia (地中海贫血) and other blood diseases and awaiting bone marrow transplants, the official China Daily said. Every year China has 40,000 new leukaemia patients, most of them under 35 and 50 per cent of them children, the
29、 newspaper said. Other reports have linked China“s growing childhood leukaemia to solvents and building materials used in interior decoration. With a tiny pool of bone marrow donors, weakened by the absence of sibling donors for most children because of China“s one-child policy, doctors rely on dono
30、rs from Taiwan to save many young leukaemia patients, the Belling Evening News said last weekend. Tatwan, with a population of 22 million, has 210,000 registered donors compared with fewer than 30,000 donors among mainland China“s 1.3 billion people, the newspaper said. Yet the lack of registered do
31、nors may reflect a lack of funding for testing and recording data on potential donors rather than a lack of volunteers, the newspaper said. China needs a pool of at least 100,000 donors but testing them would cost more than 50 million yuan (6 million dollars), it said. The Hong Kong Marrow Match Fou
32、ndation said it has helped “a handful“ of patients in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities. “The number of requests is increasing“ from mainland China, including direct calls to the charity from desperate patients or relatives, said the foundation“s donor coordinator Marven Chin. But the cost of extra
33、cting bone marrow from one of the foundation“s 40,000 registered donors and flying it by courier has to be borne by the patients, and many of them have to be aided financially, Chin said.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Urgent Need for Both Donors and Funds B. Shortage of Donors C. Desperate Leukaemi
34、a Patients D. Seriousness of the Current Situation E. Shortage of Funds F. The Help from Hong Kong Marrow Match Foundation（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.50）(5).According to the state media, China has launched a campaign to 1. A. about one perce
35、nt of the total population B. to be responsible for childhood leukaemia C. an urgent and tough task to be accomplished D. China“s one-child policy E. funding for testing and recording data on potential donors F. recruit more bone marrow donors（分数：1.50）(6).Some solvents and building materials are con
36、sidered 1.（分数：1.50）(7).The Beijing Evening News said that the number of sibling donors is small in mainland partly because of 1.（分数：1.50）(8).The lack of registered donors may reflect a lack of 1.（分数：1.50）Many Benefits from Cancer OrganizationDo you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a m
37、other, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society“s research program. Each day scientists supported by the Americ
38、an Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take US one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the Uni
39、ted States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946, they“ve invested more than $2.4 billion in research. The investment has paid rich dividends. In 1946, only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live long
40、er than five years. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Soci
41、ety had more money available for research funding, nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding could be funded each year. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society, Relay for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer
42、 breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 4514880.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Applications Funded by American Cancer Society B. Establishment of the American Cancer Society C. Significance of
43、Funded Research D. Other Sources of Funding for Cancer Research E. Benefits Achieved Through Investment F. How You Can Offer Help（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.50）(5).The American Cancer Society“s research program has benefited 1. A. lack of fu
44、nding B. many cancer patients C. more lives being saved D. more than five years E. the ultimate answers F. more funding（分数：1.50）(6).The survival period for 60/00 of Cancer patients today is 1.（分数：1.50）(7).Many outstanding applications are turned down each year for 1.（分数：1.50）(8).More cancer breakthr
45、oughs can be made with 1.（分数：1.50）Successful Language LearnersSome people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, s
46、o what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques that make language easier for them. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the bo
47、ok or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try
48、 to learn from mistakes. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will tr
49、y anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these
