1、职称英语卫生类 C 级-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The books interest businessmen profoundly.（分数：1.00）A.likelyB.solelyC.sharplyD.deeply2.Although buses are scheduled to depart at a certain hour, they are often late.（分数：1.00）A.listedB.requiredC.obligatedD.located3.Plus substa
2、ntial real estate tax abatements and other financial incentives.（分数：1.00）A.incrementB.reductionsC.rateD.package4.This is especially true in todays extremely harsh economic climate.（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.easyC.normalD.intelligent5.Dial direct when you can, and to be sure you call when Americans are in
3、 their offices, use the schedule at the left.（分数：1.00）A.tableB.paperC.noticeD.advertisement6.The British political system has evolved over several centuries.（分数：1.00）A.improvedB.developedC.involvedD.survived7.TIME B. Its the advertising edition of TIME Magazine directed exclusively to businessmen.（分
4、数：1.00）A.not onlyB.onlyC.professionallyD.frankly8.The agenda will be choosen through an ongoing process of consultations with officials of governments and international organizations.（分数：1.00）A.continuingB.easygoingC.outgoingD.stopping9.The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to u
5、se its scarce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.controversialC.terrifyingD.urgent10.He was able to mend the cup and saucer.（分数：1.00）A.washB.repairC.decorateD.mold11.We propose to furnish our own house according to our own taste.（分数：1.00）A.displayB.fixC.paintD.decorate12.Launched in the autumn of 1976 i
6、n London, and now published ten times a year.（分数：1.00）A.EndedB.FollowedC.IncludedD.Started13.The salesman stood up for his product when challenged.（分数：1.00）A.defendedB.soldC.spoke ofD.stood out14.The library already subscribes to at least one of the materials related periodicals published by them.（分
7、数：1.00）A.periodB.scienceC.magazinesD.novels15.Dr. Bergsten also has served on the senior staff of the National Security Council, 1969-71, and as a senior fellow of the Brookings Institution, another prominent Washington “think-tank.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.famousC.presidentD.important二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总
8、题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 An international team of research scientists has created a new kind of rice that contains Vitamin A. The researchers used genetic engineering to create the new rice. Genetic engineering is the technology of changing the genes of living things. The
9、 researchers say the rice could help millions of people who do not get enough Vitamin A in the food they eat. The findings were published in Science magazine.Vitamin A is necessary for the bodys natural defense system against disease. Vitamin A is needed to help prevent skin and other tissues from d
10、rying out. It also produces a light-sensitive substance in the eyes.People who do not get enough Vitamin A cannot see well in the dark. They may develop a condition that dries the eyes. The condition can result in infections that lead to blindness.A lack of Vitamin A is a major cause of blindness am
11、ong children. Health experts estimate that 124 million children around the world do not eat enough foods with Vitamin A.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil and in the yellow part of eggs. Vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes contain beta carotene, a substance that the body changes into Vit
12、amin A.Public health campaigns to provide Vitamin A to those who need it have proved costly. And they are not always effective. That has led researchers to try to create foods with the vitamin.Rice is one of the most common crops grown worldwide. However, normal rice lacks Vitamin A. Researchers at
13、a laboratory in Switzerland found a way to change the genetic material of rice. They added three genes to the rice. The genes produce beta carotene, the chemical that our bodies change into Vitamin A.The new rice has a golden yellow color. The researchers say 200 grams of the rice have enough beta c
14、arotene to provide the necessary amount of Vitamin A.Biologist Mary Lou Guerinot of Dartmouth College wrote a commentary published with the report in science magazine. She said the rice is an excellent example of the good things that can be done with genetic engineering. However, critics of genetic
15、engineering argue that changing plant genes could increase risks to human health or the environment.（分数：7.00）(1).With Vitamin A people wont get any diseases.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Vitamin B is necessary for peoples health.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentione
16、d(3).Vitamin A can be found in fish and eggs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Normally rice contains Vitamin A.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Genetic engineering is absolutely good for human.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).According to t
17、he passage, genetic engineering is a new way to help people keep healthy.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The more Vitamin A we have, the more healthy we will be.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求
18、从所给的 6 个选项中为规定段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。1. If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise-and as a result, we are ageing unnecessar
19、ily soon.2. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.3. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he
20、 set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.4. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect(智能)and emotion, and determine the human
21、 character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties. )5. Contraction of front and side parts-as cells die off-was observed in some subjects in their thirtie
22、s, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.6. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age-using the head.7. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the co
23、untry than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.8. Matsuzawas find
24、ings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking.Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain ceils need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain“, he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Dont rely on pocket c
25、alculators.“（分数：8.00）(1).Para 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Para 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Para 7 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Para 8 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The rear section of the brain controls functions like _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Matsuzawa wanted to find out the process of ageing could be _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Thro
26、ugh using the brain is the best way to maintain good _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The front and side sections of the brain relates to _. A. blood circulation（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BIt has been argued tha
27、t an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment“ period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose
28、to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong co
29、nclusion.Firstly anthropologists point out that the secluded love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from
30、it. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret.Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it. But Bo
31、wlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even
32、if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on childrens development.
33、 But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.（分数：15.00）(1).According to Bowlby, children under the age of three _.（分数：3.00）A.should not be sent to schoolB.should be cared for outside the homeC.will not suffer from parental separat
34、ionD.dont mind who will look after them(2).Anthropologists believe differences between traditional and modern societies are that in the old society _.（分数：3.00）A.there was secluded love affair between children and parentsB.parents got some help from others to rear the infantC.only infants parents loo
35、ked after their childD.children were separated from their parents at early stage(3).The argument against Bowlbys conclusion shows that _.（分数：3.00）A.there is on negative delayed effect on infants who go to school before threeB.there is long-term effect on infants who go to school before threeC.childr
36、en who are sent to school before three are subject to mental illnessD.children have problems with day care(4).The phrase “day care“ in Line 8, Para. 1 probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.boarding schoolB.primary schoolC.baby-sittingD.nursery school(5).This passage is about _.（分数：3.00）A.infants educationB.ne
37、gative effect of infant schoolC.childhoodD.advantages of infants early careB第二篇/BDorothea Dix left home at an early age-of her own free will-to live with her grand-mother.At fourteen, Dorothea was teaching school at Worcester, Massachusetts. A short time after she had begun teaching, she established
38、 a school for young girls in her grandparents home. Stress was placed on moral character at Dorotheas school, which she conducted until she was thirty-three.She was forced to give up teaching at her grandparents home, however, when she became ill. A few years of inactivity followed.In 1841 Dorothea
39、began to teach again, accepting a Sunday school class in the East Cambridge, Massachusetts, jail. Here, she first came upon insane people locked up together with criminals.In those days insane people were treated even worse than criminals. There were only a few asylums(精神病院)in the entire country. Th
40、erefore jails, poorhouses, and houses of correction were used to confine the insane.Dorothea Dix made a careful investigation of the inhuman treatment of the insane. It was considered, unfeminine (不适合女性的)for a woman to devote herself to such work at this time. But this did not stop Dorothea Dix in h
41、er efforts to provide proper medical care for the insane.Gradually, because of her investigations, conditions were improved. More than thirty mental institutions were founded or re-established in the United Stated because of her efforts. Dorothea also extended her investigations to England and to ot
42、her parts of Europe.During the Civil War, Dorothea served as superintendent(管理人)of women hospital nurses in the Union army. When the war was over, she returned to her work of improving conditions for insane people.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The
43、Treatment of Mental IllnessB.The Life of a Young English WomanC.Social Problems of the nineteenth CenturyD.An American Humanitarian(2).How did Dorothea Dix first become aware of the mistreatment of insane people?（分数：3.00）A.Her grandmother treated the mentally ill.B.She worked in an insane asylum as
44、a young woman.C.She taught Sunday school in a jail.D.She was asked to investigate the problem.(3).The author implies that Dorothea Dixs work with the insane was interrupted because of _.（分数：3.00）A.an illnessB.the Civil WarC.her trip to EnglandD.her grandmothers death(4).What is the meaning of “serve
45、d as“ in the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.waited on.B.used.C.succeeded as.D.worked as.(5).How are the events of Dorothea Dixs life presented in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.In random order.B.In chronological order.C.In alphabetical order.D.From greatest to least significance.B第三篇/BMany science reports discus
46、s medical studies that test the effect of a new drug. Usually, a large number of people is divided into two groups. Each group takes a different substance. But no one knows which group is getting which substance. One group takes the medicine being tested. Another group takes what we call an inactive
47、 substance. Medical researchers call this substance a “placebo.“ The word “placebo“ is Latin for “I shall please.“ Placebo pills(宽心丸)usually are made of sugar.Using placebos to test drugs sometimes has a surprising result. Researchers say people taking the placebo often report improvements in their
48、health. This is known as “the placebo effect“-pain that is eased or stopped by an inactive substance. In such testing, the drug must perform better than the placebo to prove that it is effective.Doctors have reported that the placebo effect can be used in treatment. For example, a doctor tells a pat
49、ient that a new drug will stop the pain in his leg. The pill is only sugar. But the patient does not know that. He takes the pill and says his pain is gone.Scientists are beginning to discover some physical reasons for this reaction in some people. They are learning that much of what people believe to be true
