1、职称英语卫生类 C 级-65 及答案解析(总分：310.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is an inevitable consequence of the decision.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.proper2.It is just not credible that she would cheat.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.convincingC.practicalD.reliable3.Who was the first man to rea
2、ch the summit of Mount Everest?（分数：1.00）A.topB.bottomC.endD.site4.A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets.（分数：1.00）A.pulling downB.rebuildingC.renovatingD.whitewashing5.Chemical weapons are banned internationally.（分数：1.00）A.listedB.forbiddenC.handledD.inves
3、tigated6.The government proposed changes to the voting system.（分数：1.00）A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced7.The research should prove invaluable in the study of linguistics.（分数：1.00）A.uselessB.practicalC.littleD.useful8.Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years.（分数：1.00）A.extende
4、dB.emphasizedC.distortedD.illustrated9.My friend“s reply was courteous but firm.（分数：1.00）A.efficientB.respectableC.well-informedD.respectful10.We will try our best to solve the residual problems.（分数：1.00）A.geographicalB.complexC.domesticD.remaining11.That mysterious island has always fascinated me.（
5、分数：1.00）A.intriguedB.infectedC.inconveniencedD.inclined12.Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.（分数：1.00）A.diverseB.quickC.positiveD.unfavorable13.The research team needs to confer with the director before it begins its final report.（分数：1.00）A.argueB.debateC.computeD.co
6、nsult14.His qualifications surpass the job requirements.（分数：1.00）A.satisfyB.alterC.exceedD.uphold15.He was beginning to feel uneasy about their visit.（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.surprisedC.anxiousD.unhappy二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the peopl
7、e who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80. One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure ou
8、r bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily. But in order that we don“t slip back into bad habits, let“s have a look at what life was li
9、ke 100 years ago. Families had between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didn“t live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets(佝偻病) and scurvy (坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children we
10、ll. Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down. People didn“t have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板), blocks of
11、ice, or even burying it in the garden. Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆) (a job done by many children) or working with your dad by now.（分数：7.00）(1).On average women
12、lived longer than men 100 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Poor diets can lead to such diseases
13、as rickets and scurvy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Life was not easy for many children
14、living 100 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and indust
15、rial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the s
16、moking of cigarettes and cigars. 2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the
17、 death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiati
18、on from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those ov
19、er 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the b
20、ronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of t
21、he chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy. 5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the pr
22、ostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Common Secondary Lung Cancers B. The Advantages Brought About by Routine Chest Checkup C. Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits D. Operable and Inoperable
23、 Lung Cancers E. The Increasing Death Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible Causes F. An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous 1. A. before the cancer cells spread els
24、ewhere B. the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have C. what is most responsible for lung cancer D. as some people imagine E. the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F. which form of lung cancer is a common one（分数：1.00）(6).A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by rem
25、oving the lung completely 1.（分数：1.00）(7).People are still not sure 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The more cigarettes one smokes, 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk
26、for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday. They found nearly 70 percent of U.S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day, yet most consume close to 3,500 mg per day. “It“s important
27、for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,“ Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement. “People need to know their r
28、ecommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake,“ Labarthe said. The study in CDC“s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the a
29、ge of 40which are considered high-risk groups. Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 20052006 CDC estimate. Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health
30、and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food Supply. Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CD
31、C said.（分数：15.00）(1).Too much salt raises one“s risk for _.（分数：3.00）A.high blood pressureB.heart attacksC.strokesD.all of the above(2).How much salt do most American adults eat per day?（分数：3.00）A.No more than 1,500 mg.B.Closer to 3,500 mg.C.Less than 3,436 mg.D.Closer to 1,500 mg.(3).To improve thei
32、r blood pressure, people should have a diet _.（分数：3.00）A.rich in potassium and sodiumB.rich in potassium and calciumC.rich in calcium and sodiumD.none of the above(4).The high-risk groups include those _.（分数：3.00）A.who are blackB.who are over the age of 40C.who are white and youngD.both A and B(5).P
33、ackaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be _.（分数：3.00）A.cheapB.tastyC.rich in saltD.healthy六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Common-cold SenseYou can“t beat it, but you don“t have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because it“s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold does
34、n“t have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more col
35、ds than adultsan average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven“t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infecte
36、d by one makes you immune to itbut only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person“s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy,
37、 although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene won“t ward off every cold. So, what works when
38、a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you“ll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the essa
39、y, you may have a cold because _.（分数：3.00）A.the weather is too coldB.the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infectedC.another person“s coughing passes the cold to youD.you wash your hands too often(2).The best way to keep yourself from getting cold is _.（分数：3.00）A.to keep yourself cleanB.to use a di
40、sinfectant soapC.to take two aspirins every dayD.to drink lots of water(3).Children have more colds because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are usually infected about eight times each yearB.they are not immune to many cold viruses yetC.they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirtyD.they don“t lik
41、e eating lemon(4).When you are having a cold, _.（分数：3.00）A.it is always the same kind of cold that you had last timeB.it may be the same kind of cold that you had last timeC.it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last timeD.it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last t
42、ime(5).When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.coughingB.sneezingC.having a runny noseD.having a stomachache七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Malnutrition“Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutri
43、tion which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike“, said Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), in his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Ro
44、me, Italy, from 13 to 17 November, 1996. “At the same time,“ he added, “in developing countries today, malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight, and 230 million being stunted in their growth.“ Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted
45、 human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view. Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern, common justice or development needs, they demand a response, both from national governments and from international community. “ At the end of January 1996, 98 countries had n
46、ational plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation, in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992. The global situation, however, remains grim. Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basi
47、c needs for energy and protein, more than 2,000 million people lack essential micronutrients, and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets. In sheer numbers, iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency. Mainly women of reproduction age and children
48、 under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries. Among various regions in the world, it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries. In infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaire
49、d intellectual as well as physical development. In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased accidents at work. While there is no single remedy, a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best. Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals, Iron supplementation of foods, particularly of staple cereals, is practiced in a growing number of countries
