1、职称英语卫生类 C级-64 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We were all there when the accident occurred .（分数：1.00）A.happenedB.brokeC.spreadD.appeared2.We had a long conversation about her parents.（分数：1.00）A.talkB.speechC.debateD.discussion3.Police have already identified around 10 murde
2、r suspects.（分数：1.00）A.targetedB.distinguishedC.capturedD.separated4.I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking.（分数：1.00）A.simultaneouslyB.almostC.absolutelyD.basically5.Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.（分数：1.00）A.inadequatelyB.hardlyC.faint
3、lyD.sufficiently6.The economic reform in Japan has been accelerated .（分数：1.00）A.sped upB.put offC.slowed downD.stopped7.Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.（分数：1.00）A.steadyB.plentifulC.extraD.meager8.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（分数：1.00）A.dreadfulB.badC.unpleasantD.poor9.Soc
4、iety is now much more diverse than ever before.（分数：1.00）A.colorfulB.attractiveC.flexibleD.varied10.Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages.（分数：1.00）A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.symbolically11.Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their speci
5、alized branches.（分数：1.00）A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.especiallyD.inevitably12.He had finally achieved success.（分数：1.00）A.reachedB.reapedC.attainedD.took13.During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.spendC.collectD.exchange14.A physician “s sacred duty is to he
6、al the sick.（分数：1.00）A.doctorB.professorC.physicistD.resident15.Radios are not permitted in the library.（分数：1.00）A.agreedB.submittedC.admittedD.allowed二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at BayStaying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting
7、ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive e
8、motional style“ can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may
9、have different immune responses to the virus,“ explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.“ Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people s
10、eemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style“. Those who tended to
11、 be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers rep
12、orted on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.（分数：7.00）(1).People with a sunny dis
13、position are immune to illness.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).According to Cohen“s study, happier people are more easily to get a cold.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The conclusion that happy people were less likely to develop a cold are based on subjective measures.（分数：1.00）A.
14、RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The researchers chose 193 adults who had a negative style for the study.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The researchers test their volunteers by giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentione
15、d(6).A person with a positive emotional style must be an easy-going one.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Cohen found that families had great influence on a person“s emotional style.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researche
16、rs say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 2 Kirst
17、en Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight t
18、imes more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say
19、 for sure that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure. 4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient s
20、hould affect that person“s treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient“s chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of
21、 a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have
22、lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven perc
23、ent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. 6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to jud
24、ge the benefits for women.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. More Questions to Be Asked B. Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP C. Development of a Simple But Important Test D. Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease E. How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP F. Effects
25、of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).According to some researchers, by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know 1. A. where fewer people die from heart problem B. whether they have the risk of he
26、art attack, heart failure or stroke C. would probably have lower rates of heart disease D. how to test a person“s NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself E. his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way F. that napping is of great benefit to women too（分数：1.00）(6).If a person has a high level
27、of NT-proBNP 1.（分数：1.00）(7).People who take regular afternoon naps 1.（分数：1.00）(8).So far there have not been definite data to confirm 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-perce
28、nt risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of
29、how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,“ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the
30、 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group incre
31、ased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Dani
32、el S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.（分数：15.00）(1)
33、.What“s the proportion of US adults who have a risk of 10%20% to develop heart disease?（分数：3.00）A.More than 80 percent.B.3 percent.C.15 percent.D.20 percent.(2).According to the passage, which of the following may contribute to the risk of getting heart disease?（分数：3.00）A.Age.B.Ethnicity.C.Race.D.Ci
34、tizenship.(3).The findings in the report are based on _.（分数：3.00）A.the study of physicians, researchers and health policy analystsB.analysis of data from 13,769 subjectsC.the data from all US adultsD.Dr. Daniel S. Berman and Dr. Nathan . Wong(4).Strategies to shift the overall population risk downwa
35、rd include _.（分数：3.00）A.losing weightB.eat less and exercise moreC.adding more vitamins in your dietD.aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies(5).The main purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：3.00）A.introduce that most adults in US adults have low risk of heart diseaseB.give treatmen
36、t measures to reduce the risk of developing heart disease for US adultsC.describe the research made by the Centers for Disease Control and PreventionD.warn people that they should pay attention to the threat of heart disease immediately六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life
37、has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates,
38、 that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not kee
39、p up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether th
40、ey can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the Un
41、ited States many retired people five on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare“ if they have a serious
42、illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is of
43、ten no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are
44、 good, most of them are simply “ dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel.（分数：15.00）(1).The writer believes that the population explosion results from _.（分数：3.00）A.an increase in birthratesB.the industrial developmentC.a decrease
45、in death ratesD.cultural advances(2).It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _.（分数：3.00）A.it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people aliveB.infants could be left dead in times of starvationC.parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their
46、 childrenD.death was considered to be freedom from hardships(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true ?（分数：3.00）A.Many of them have a very hard life.B.They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C.They rely mainly
47、 on their children for financial support.D.Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.(4).In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the need to prolong the lives of old peopleB.the need to enrich the life of the retired peopleC.the need to build pro
48、fit-making nursing homesD.the need to take care of a sick and weak person(5).Which of the following best describes the writer“s attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?（分数：3.00）A.Sympathetic.B.Unfriendly.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sleep DeficitJudging
49、from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic(流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can“t think of a single study that hasn“t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,“ says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit(睡眠不足) crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conc
