1、职称英语卫生类 C级-63 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.How can we Ureduce/U the risk of cancer? A. cut in B. cut down C. cut off D. cut out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The Usteadily/U rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. A. conti
2、nuously B. quickly C. excessively D. exceptionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.During the past ten years there have been Udramatic/U changes in the international situation. A. permanent B. powerful C. striking D. practical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The most Ucrucial/U problem any economic system faces is how to use i
3、ts scarce resources. A. puzzling B. difficult C. terrifying D. urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.His new girlfriend had Uomitted/U to tell him that she was married. A. failed B. deleted C. refused D. rejected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The substance can be added to gasoline to Uaccelerate/U the speed of automobiles.
4、A. quicken B. shorten C. loosen D. enlarge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.We should never Ucontent/U ourselves with a little knowledge only. A. convince B. satisfy C. comfort D. benefit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.We should Ucontemplated/U the problem from all sides. A. deliberated B. thought C. described D. designed（分数：1
5、.00）A.B.C.D.9.His health had Udeteriorated/U while he was in prison. A. became better B. became worse C. became stronger D. became weaker（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.If you want my advice, you should Urevise/U your plan for the trip to Beijing. A. change B. exchange C. enlarge D. encourage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11
6、.Smoking is Uinhibited/U in public places. A. instructed B. inquired C. forbidden D. strived（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He is said to be suffering from Uterminal/U cancer and has asked for euthanasia (安乐死). A. acute B. chronic C. final D. fatal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I felt Uimpelled/U to tell the truth. A. pro
7、moted B. induced C. compelled D. improved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Its Uprudent/U to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. A. controversial B. reasonable C. sensible D. sensitive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Are you Upositive/U that theres been no mistake? A. rational B. reasonable C. certain D. bound（
8、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)An Observation and an ExplanationIt is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning requite little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when
9、resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the pred
10、ominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enou
11、gh to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other,
12、 less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mot
13、her the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world; if this is so, then the mother would, someh
14、ow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.（分数：7.00）(1).We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Most left-handed
15、 women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left-handed ones by 22%. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1
16、.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all.
17、 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The writers explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their
18、 mothers left arms than in the right arms. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Caring for the Old1. The old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of lifes responsibilities and fortified by many years of experience and knowledge,
19、 they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth. And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical. Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years.2. Old people sometimes display surprisin
20、g freedom and forthrightness in the expression of their thoughts and feelings, and an ability to transmit affection. It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away.3. But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age than at any other time
21、in adult life, and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measures, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine. For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy. But a few clinicians have risen to the challenge and discovered that i
22、ndividual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young.4. It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror. Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming from inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonit
23、ion of death or the fear of becoming dependent.5. Dependency is a grim choice: insecurity and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity. But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies
24、natural with old age and diminishing physical resources.6. The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments, which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people. The younger generation today, on the other hand, will have had many decades to interact with “the
25、 system“ by the time they reach old age.7. Many of us, including healthcare providers, assume that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumptions are often a reflections of our own thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits of observation. Such assumpt
26、ions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with the terminally ill. Assuming we “know“ what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.8. We sometimes assume, wrongly, that old people are too confused or senile to be aware of the near
27、ness of death. In consequence, communication between a dying and others is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions. “Protecting“ the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dying and death. Evasions like this only
28、 lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed.A. Knowing Better How to Enjoy LifeB. Freedom in ExpressionC. Psychotherapy Effective with Some of the OldD. Period of Greater Emotional DistressE. Dependency. a Grim ChoiceF. Guiltiness. Dependency（分数：8
29、.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Old people may well be active in _. A. how to show love to others B. how to show anger to others C. yet we know we are wrong D. various kinds of sports E. but w
30、e are often wrong F. that old people depend on others（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Old people sometimes know better _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).It is a natural thing _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).We often think that we know the feeling of a dying person, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.
31、00)A Gay BiologistMolecular biologist Dean Hamer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happen
32、s to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.What is it that makes Hamer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyones personality? Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions: he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychol
33、ogy, Hamer is exploring the role of genes in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has
34、 been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hamers creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality,“ Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of
35、your feet“.Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonst
36、rated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation.Hamer switched to behavioral
37、genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the p
38、rotein as he cared to. “Frankly, I was bored,“ he remembers, “and ready for something new.“Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. “Im a gay,“ Hamer says with a shrug, “but that was n
39、ot a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosityand the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research.“（分数：15.00）(1).The first paragraph describes Hamers _. A. looks, hobbies and character B. viewpoint on homosexuality C. unique life-style D. scientific research wor
40、k（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Hamer was a _. A. psychiatrist B. physiologist C. chemist D. biologist（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is Hamer doing now? A. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding ones intelligence. B. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding ones personality. C. He is writing a book ent
41、itled Live with Our Genes. D. He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What happened to Hamers research interest? A. He turned to basic research. B. He sticked to basic research. C. He turned to behavioral genetics. D. He sticked to behavioral genetics.（分数：3.00）A.B.
42、C.D.(5).According to Hamer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject? A. He is a gay and he wants to cure himself. B. He was curious about it as a scientist. C. He was curious about it like everyone else. D. It is a subject that can lead to polit
43、ical success.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Silent and DeadlyTransient ischemic attacks (TIAS), or mini-strokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a few seconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause
44、permanent neurological damage, but they are often precursors of a major stroke.“Our message is quite clear,“ says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August. “TIAS, while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagno
45、sis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury.“Unfortunately, mini-strokes are greatly under diagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all adults aged 18 or older (about 4.9 million people in the U. S. ) have experienced a c
46、onfirmed TIA. An additional 1.2 million Americans over the age of 45, the study showed, have most likely suffered a mini-stroke without realizing it. These findings suggest that if the public knew how to spot the symptoms of stroke, especially mini-strokes, and sought prompt medical treatment, thous
47、ands of lives could he saved and major disability could be avoided.The problem is that the symptoms of a mini-stroke are often subtle and passing. Nonetheless, there are signs you can look out for:*Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.*Trouble seeing in on
48、e or both eyes.*Confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding.*Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of coordination.*Severe headache with no known cause.Along with these symptoms, researchers have identified some key indicators that increase your chances of having a full-blown stroke after a TIA: if youre over 60, have expe
