1、职称英语卫生类 C级-62 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The government is Udebating/U the education laws. A. discussing B. defeating C. delaying D. declining（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.They had a far better Uyield/U than any other farm miles away around this year. A. goods B. soil C. clima
2、te D. harvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The city has decided to Udo away with/U all the old buildings in its center. A. get rid of B. set up C. repair D. paint（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.During the past ten years there have been Udramatic/U changes in the international situation. A. permanent B. powerful C. striking
3、 D. practical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.For young children, getting dressed is a Ucomplicated/U business. A. personal B. strange C. funny D. complex（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.These are their Umotives/U for doing it. A. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The river Uwidens/U considerably as it b
4、egins to turn west. A. twists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Henry cannot resist the Ulure/U of drugs. A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.These programmes are of Uimmense/U value to old people. A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
5、D.10.A great deal has been done to Uremedy/U the situation. A. maintain B. improve C. assess D. protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.I have been trying to Uquit/U smoking. A. give up B. pick up C. build up D. take up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Relief workers were Ushocked/U by what they saw. A. moved B. touched C. su
6、rprised D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The weather is a constant Usubject/U of conversation in Britain. A. question B. problem C. title D. topic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.This is not Utypical/U of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. A. particular B. characteristic C. remarkable D. idiomatic（分
7、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.It is Uvirtually/U impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A. simply B. almost C. totally D. completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityIve always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power
8、of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, Ive loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything
9、 compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Alien and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home“, which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerator
10、s. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, Im still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness to help us solve problems tha
11、t even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the worlds knowledge. Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter wher
12、e they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work“. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work“ is when we show people something new, like a computer that can reco
13、gnize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetimes worth of photos, and they say, “I didnt know you could do that with a PC!“But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve ou
14、r world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the wor
15、ld. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an imm
16、ense difference in these childrens lives.Im still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughest problems is possibleand its happening every day. Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the deve
17、loping world.Im excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.（分数：
18、7.00）(1).A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Bill Gates compares his h
19、ard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work“. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To Bill Gates mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poors children and the death of the richs children. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).$o far Bill Gates has co
20、ntributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Bill Gates wi
21、ll leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Earthquake1. Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of t
22、hese damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Othe
23、r damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2. These are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from upward. The highest scale recorded to d
24、ate is 8.9. major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0.3. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and c
25、ontraction of the earths crust and continental drift.4. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. S
26、cientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.5. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of
27、 mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen.A. Earthquakes ForecastB. Historical Records of EarthquakesC. Intensities of EarthquakesD. Cause of EarthquakesE. Indications of EarthquakesF. Damaging Earthquakes（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2
28、 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Not all damage during an earthquake is caused by _. A. the quake itself B. accurate prediction C. damage of property and loss of lives D. a possible earthquake E. the unusual beha
29、viors of some animals F. the strong behaviors of human beings（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Not all earthquakes are strong enough to cause _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Scientists have been working hard to warn people of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Earthquakes can be predicted by observing _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(
30、总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find t
31、hat plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of th
32、e gas. They had assumed that, microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.In its experiments, Kepplers team used seale
33、d chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30
34、 to 70. At 30, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.Living plants growing at their normal temperatures rel
35、eased as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on pla
36、nts that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.The new finding is an “interesting observation“, says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Beca
37、use some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes.（分数：15.00）(1).What was scientists understanding of methane? A. It was produced from plants. B. It was not a gree
38、nhouse gas. C. It was produced in oxygen-free environments. D. It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _. A. a oxygen-free environment B. an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the E
39、arth has C. a carbon dioxide-free environment D. an environment filled with the greenhouse gas（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment? A. The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions. B. Living plants release less met
40、hane than dried plants at the same temperature. C. When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane. D. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage? A. Plants growing in soil
41、release methane. B. Plants growing in water release methane. C. Soil microbes consume methane. D. Microbes in plants produce methane.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane? A. Methane becomes less poisonous. B. Methane is turned into a fer
42、tilizer. C. Less methane reaches the atmosphere. D. Air becomes cleaner.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something peopl
43、e typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Claes Granqvist.
44、Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.“ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet, windows
45、are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blas
46、ts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering win
47、dows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a
48、 bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or
