1、职称英语卫生类 C 级-59 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Have you talked to her Ulately/U? A. lastly B. finally C. shortly D. recently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.UWhile/U we dont agree, we continue to be friends. A. Whoever B. Where C. Although D. Whatever（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.UEnormous/U su
2、ms of money have been spent on space exploration. A. Much B. Large C. Small D. Fixed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.About one million Americans are diagnosed Uannually/U with skin cancer. A. every year B. severely C. actively D. every month（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The policeman wrote down all the Uparticulars/U of the
3、 accident. A. secrets B. details C. benefits D. words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.We will take your recent illness into Uconsideration/U when marking your exams. A. effect B. account C. effort D. discount（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.There are a Ulimited/U number of books on this subject in the library. A. small B. tota
4、l C. good D. great（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The chairman Uproposed/U that we should stop the meeting. A. showed B. suggested C. agreed D. believed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Mary has Ublended/U the ingredients. A. made B. mixed C. cooked D. eaten（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.They agreed to Umodify/U their policy. A. clarify
5、B. define C. change D. develop（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The dentist has decided to Uextract/U her bad tooth. A. take out B. break off C. push in D. dig up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The economy continued to Uexhibit/U signs of decline in September. A. play B. show C. send D. tell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.This table is
6、strong and Udurable/U. A. long lasting B. extensive C. far reaching D. eternal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.He endured great pain before he finally Uexpired/U. A. fired B. resigned C. died D. retreated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The girl is Ugazing/U at herself in the mirror. A. smiling B. laughing C. shouting D. sta
7、ring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)SmokingSince 1989, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that sho
8、w beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer
9、of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to th
10、e human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where th
11、e air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.（分数：7.00）(1).It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. A. Right B. Wrong C. No
12、t mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Smoking reduces ones life expectancy. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Smoking may induce lung cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. No
13、t mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Nicotine is poisonous. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer. A. Right B
14、. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Paper Chase1. “Running a house is a lot like running a business,“ says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping.
15、 To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote an entire desk to the task, at least in
16、vest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.3. When in doubt, throw it out. The first step to im
17、plementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you dont use, dont need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings youll never have an opportunity to use or even read.4. Set aside two days a
18、 month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesnt fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current billsone to correspond with each bill-paying dayand file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of eac
19、h folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.5. Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyones needs are dif
20、ferent, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself. “Where would I look for this?“ Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.A. Find a Place to Wo
21、rk onB. Implementing a Workable Filing SystemC. What Is a Good Filing SystemD. How to Invest in a Rolling File CartE. Get Rid of Unimportant ThingsF. Dealing with Bills（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.0
22、0）填空项 1:_(5).Stephanie Denton is an expert _. A. they are useless B. in paper chase C. that it is easily reached D. that different people have different requirements E. they are not comfortable F. in investing in coupons（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition _
23、.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Coupons should be thrown away because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).“Mentally flexible“ indicates the fact _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U. S. States Do Poorly in Womens HealthNot a single U. S. state meets basic federal goals for womens health
24、, and the nation as a whole fails except in two areasmammograms and dental check-upsresearchers said on Thursday.Millions of women lack health insurance, and states make it difficult to enroll in Medicaid, the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor, according to the report.And few states a
25、re doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smokingthe leading cause of death in the United States.“The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals,“ reads the report. Put together by the National Womens Law Center and the Oregon HealthScience University, “T
26、hese health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of womens health.“Of 27 measures examined by the group, from screening for diseases to actually treating them, the nation passes on only two, the researchers said. “The nation is so far from the healthy people goals that it receives an ov
27、erall grade of unsatisfactory,“ they wrote.The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general, the NWLC said.“State policy makers piecemeal approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs o
28、f women,“ Judy Waxman, NWLC Vice President for Health, said in a statement.“Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive, long-term approach to meeting womens health needs and tackle this serious problem that plagues so many families.“（分数：15.00）(1).The nation does poorly in all the following aspects of wo
29、mens health EXCEPT _. A. conducting dental check-ups B. helping women quit smoking C. screening for diseases D. treating cancer（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Medicaid is a program aimed at _. A. helping women B. helping the poor C. reducing poverty D. preventing disease（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which causes the bi
30、ggest number of deaths in the U. S. ? A. Accidents. B. Heart disease. C. Cancer. D. Smoking.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The national goals for womens health make it easier to _. A. meet womens health needs B. assess the status of womens health C. make an overall plan for health in general D. deal with the
31、health care crisis（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What kind of approach should be adopted to meet womens health needs? A. Piecemeal. B. State-federal. C. Comprehensive and long-term. D. Complex and ineffective.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Cigars InsteadSmoking one or two cigars a day doubles the ri
32、sk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth and throat, according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryla
33、nd.In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article Cigar
34、s. Health Effects and Trends. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public he
35、alth consequences for the country,“ said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.“The data are clearthe harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and
36、 lung diseases,“ he added. “In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.“To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice isdont. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and
37、 lung disease risks,“ warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but “.a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke.“（分数：1
38、5.00）(1).According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day _. A. increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers B. greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers C. increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers D. greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer fo
39、r smokers（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily? A. Six. B. Seven. C. Eight. D. Nine.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the main idea of the article Cigars: Health Effects and Trends? A. When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than
40、cigarettes. B. Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so. C. Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes. D. Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers? A. To give it up completely. B
41、. To give up part of it. C. Not to think about it any more. D. To cure the diseases first.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the context of this passage, “secondhand smoke“ in the last line means _. A. smoking bad-quality cigars B. smoking very cheap cigars C. being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking
42、 D. being near cigar smokers when they are smoking（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Common-cold SenseYou cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting o
43、ne. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adultsan average of about eight
44、 per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to itbut only i
45、t.Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours
46、 on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene wont ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The o
47、ld prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the essay, you may have a cold because _. A. it is caused by the cold winter weather B. the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected C. another persons coughing passes the cold to you D. you wash your hands too often（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The best way to keep yourself from getting c
