1、职称英语卫生类 C级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It was difficult to set a date which was convenient for everyone.A. decide B. arrange C. provide D. choose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A. strange B. cer
2、tainC. inconsistent D. proper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.United States Navy Admiral Alfred Mahan wrote many books on naval strategy and sea power.A. tactics B. history C. battles D. armaments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.I didnt help him. I would have however didnt have the money.A. or B. but C. otherwise D. still（分数：1
3、.00）A.B.C.D.5.Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.A. problem B. mystery C. question D. point（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A. explained B. inventedC. considered D. accepted（分数：1.00）A
4、.B.C.D.7.We derive knowledge mainly from books.A. deprive B. obtain C. descend D. trace（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.You dont need to carry large amounts of cash; actually all financial businesses will be conducted by computers.A. transmissions B. transitions C. transactions D. transportation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9
5、.He has become a celebrity because of his wonderful performance in the play.A. director B. actor C. star D. film - maker（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Its impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation.A. leave B. talk loudlyC. stand up D. interrupt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Almost everyone at the mee
6、ting has different views.A. scenery B. sight C. understanding D. opinion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.I wonder what your aim in life is.A. symbol B. goalC. action D. attitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.You look smart in the new suit.A. clever B. handsome C. loyal D. brave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The polar regions are gene
7、rally covered with ice and snow.A. areas B. rocks C. mountains D. seas（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.We have got to abide by the rules.A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems NeededJudith S. Weis, a biology profess
8、or who serves as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences(AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to“ defend“ the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities.The Institute
9、believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwins theory in high school. “Theres nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out. However from
10、the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based,“ said Weis. “Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biologists, wanted to be a major force speaking out in
11、 favor of its teaching. “Weis said the institute is working together with the American Geological Institute and the National Association of Biology Teachers and its 80 - plus member organizations to address the political and legislative threats to teaching evolution. In states challenging its teachi
12、ng, the institute responds by sending letters to school boards and state legislatures, by providing testimony at public meetings and by notifying members and affiliated organizations. AIBS, with more than 80 member societies and 250,000 members, has established an email system enabling scientists an
13、d teachers in each state, and member societies, to keep each other informed about threats to the teaching of evolution.Darwins theory of evolution holds that living things change and adapt to their environment and that present - day species (including human beings) are descended from earlier species
14、 through modification by natural selection. The theory has been accepted by scientists for nearly 100 years, Weis said, and has been refined, extended and strengthened over the years by findings, in developmental biology. Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and genomics - all of which provide
15、 significant benefits for human health - would not be possible without the underlying knowledge of evolution. And, Weis adds,“ modern molecular biology and genomics have increased our understanding of how evolution works. “Nonetheless, evolution remains a politically, if not scientifically, controve
16、rsial issue.Weis said that this year alone, seven states have had either local or statewide efforts to water down the teaching of evolution, or“ balance“ it with the teaching of creationism - a religious belief that different species were created separately by a higher power, such as God. “Rarely do
17、es anyone now use the word creationsm , because thats too obvious. “Weis said, “The current terminology is intelligent design. /（分数：7.00）(1).AIBS, school boards and government entities all advocate the theory of evolution.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).There are more schools te
18、aching evolution than teaching creationism.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).To biologists ,evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).The National Association of Biology Teachers is sponsored by a
19、n independent fund.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).All scientists and teachers in each state have been informed about threats to the teaching of evolution.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Genetics, molecular biology and genomics are earlier than Darwins theor
20、y of evolution.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Creationism is now replaced by intelligent design.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)First Aid1 First aid is the kind of medical that are given to a victim of an accident or sudden sickn
21、ess before trained medical help can arrive. First aid techniques are often simple. They can be taught to people of all ages. And learning them is important. Knowing how to treat someone in an emergency can mean the difference beween life and death.2 Thousands of persons die each year after eating or
22、 drinking poison substances. Experts say most accidental poisonings happen in or near the home. And most are caused by substances we commonly use at home: medical supplies, insect poisons or cleaning fluids. There are several common signs of poisoning. A sudden feeling of pain or sickness. Burns in
23、the area of the mouth. Or an unusual smell coming from a persons mouth.3 Health experts generally advise poison victims to drink water or milk. But never give liquids to someone who is not awake or to those having a violent reaction to the poison. Next, seek help from trained medical experts. Save m
24、aterial expelled from the mouth for doctors to examine. Save the container of the suspected poison to answer questions the doctors may have. The container also may describe a substance that halts the poisons effects. Use this substance without delay.4 The American Red Cross says all homes should hav
25、e at least three substances to deal with poisoning. One, syrup of ipecac(吐根糖浆),is a fluid that helps the body expel material from the stomach. Another, activated charcoal (活性炭), lessens the danger of poisons. The other material, epsom salts(泻盐), helps to speed the release of body wastes. All three s
26、hould be used only on the advice of a medical expert.5 The Red Cross says expulsion (清除) of material from the stomachvomiting (呕吐) sometimes may be started if medical advice is delayed. But it says vomiting should be used only when it is known the victim took too much of what is called a general poi
27、son, such as a medicine. The experts say never cause vomiting if the victim was poisoned by a petroleum product or by a substance that was a strong acid or a strong alkali(碱). These victims should be taken to a medical center as soon as possible.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _A Actions Taken to HelpB Tre
28、atment of VomitingC The Difference between Life and DeathD Medical Importance of First AidE Preparations at HomeF Causes and Signs of Poisoning（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Learning first aid techniques can mean
29、 _.A in or near the familyB when it is known the victim took too much of what is called a general poisonC on the advice of a medical expertD a sudden pain or sickness, bums or an unusual smell coming from a persons mouthE a strong acid or a strong alkaliF the distinction between life and death（分数：1.
30、00）填空项 1:_(6).A majority of accidental poisonings take place _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).There are some several common signs of poisoning including _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It says vomiting should be used only _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Hammersmith Hospital in West
31、London, home of the Royal Post-graduate Medical School has been the scene(发生地点) of many innovations in medicine. It is now home(中心地,根据地) to the most expensive and ambitious medical technology project ever in Britain, which this year will make the Hammersmith the worlds first fully digital hospital.
32、The paper-free office brought about by computerization and modern information technology is familiar to(为所熟悉) many office workers today. It has taken longer for the same technology to be applied to medical imaging(医学影像学), because of the immense computing power and high cost o the equipment required.
33、But now the Hammersmith is becoming the first hospital in which all imaging data- X-rays, ultrasonic ,CT and MRI images-are stored not on cumbersome, inflammable films but as digital data on optical discs. The first consequence of this can be seen in the air-conditioned computer room in the new buil
34、ding, where two compact(坚实的,结实的) cabinets each about as tall as a man and 0.6m wide are ready to store every X-ray and scan made at the Hammersmith in the next 16 years on optical discs(光盘).Space saving is the most obvious but not the most important advantage of the digital h6spital. A consultant co
35、nducting a clinic with a workstation linked by fibre optics(光纤) to the data store has no need of cumbersome trolleys loaded with patients X-rays. The new technology considerably reduces the exposure to ionizing (电离的) radiation needed to get pictures doctors need, corresponding to reducing the slight
36、 but inevitable health risk that come with repeated X-rays.X-rays record their images on fluorescent(荧光的) plates, lasers read off and store the data and the plates are wiped clean to use again. This requires less radiation than conventional(常规的) imaging. The ability to enhance imaging also reduces t
37、he need for extra exposures.Another advantage is that any stored image can be sent to any of the hospitals 138 workstations in four seconds(soon that will come down(降落) to two seconds). Soon it will be possible to send it direct to other hospitals, or to computer screens in GPs(全科医生) clinics.PACS(图像
38、存档通讯系统) is the most expensive single medical technology project ever funded in UK. Most of the money has come from the Department of Health, which has realized that it will benefit patients at the Hammersmith Hospital and those referred from elsewhere, in terms of(按照) better, quicker and safer diagn
39、osis and treatment.Another technique uses radio a belled(用放射性同位素示踪的) white blood cells to guide doctors to the sites of hidden abscesses(脓肿) or other trouble spots.In the most innovative technique of all, interventional(干预的,介入的) radiology, doctors use tiny instruments at the ends of fine catheters(导
40、管), inserted deep into the body under local anaesthetic, to perform a growing amount of microsurgery, viewed by surgeonsand patients if appropriatein extremely clear detail. Every scrap(碎片,段) of unwanted image is electronically edited off the screen by the computer.The Hammersmith Hospital is also p
41、ioneering interventional radiography, in which doctor carry out microsurgery at the same time as they image the patients organs in minute detail. The blocking or unblocking of arteries to prevent damage due to bleeding or thrombosis(血栓形成) is among the conditions now being treated in this way.（分数：15.
42、00）(1).The Hammersmith Hospital_.A. is located in the west of LondonB. takes the lead in medical innovationsC. has more advanced and modern medical technology than any other hospital in Britain.D. all of the above（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A “digital hospital “means_.A. diagnosis and treatment are conduct
43、ed by computers.B. all imaging data are stored as digital data on optical discs.C. X-ray, ultrasonic, CT and MRI images are kept by the patients.D. all imaging data are stored on cumbersome, inflammable films.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).At the Hammersmith Hospital,_.A. every patient must take a CT scan.B.
44、space saving is the most important advantage.C. there is no need of storing patients X-rays on the films.D. all patients X-rays will be stored for 16 years.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Any stored image at the Hammersmith can be sent to_.A. any of the hospitals workstationsB. other hospitalsC. computer scree
45、ns in GPs clinicsD. all of the above（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can you infer from the passage?A. Few hospitals have equipment as modern as the Hammersmith Hospital in the world.B. Digital hospitals are becoming popular in the world now.C. Japan and the US are the most advanced countries in medicine.D
46、. Better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment are what the researchers seek for.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Obesity: the Scourge of the Western WorldObesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna
47、 Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference - of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries - 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said, “Obesity is a chronic illness, f
48、in Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent.“ But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, “We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism o
49、f a stone-age man.“ “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. “Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all. patients with high blood pre
