1、职称英语卫生类 C级-45 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He was able to mend the cup and saucer. A. wash B. repair C. decorate D. mold（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. A. puzzling B. controversial C. terrifying D
2、. urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Launched in the autumn of 1976 in London, and now published ten times a year. A. Ended B. Followed C. Included D. Started（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Although buses are scheduled to depart at a certain hour, they are often late. A. listed B. required C. obligated D. located（分数：1.00）
3、A.B.C.D.5.This is especially true in todays extremely harsh economic climate. A. difficult B. easy C. normal D. intelligent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Dr. Bergsten also has served on the senior staff of the National Security Council, 1969-71, and as a senior fellow of the Brookings Institution, another promi
4、nent Washington “think-tank. A. permanent B. famous C. president D. important（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Dial direct when you can, and to be sure you call when Americans are in their offices, use the schedule at the left. A. table B. paper C. notice D. advertisement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The library already subs
5、cribes to at least one of the materials related periodicals published by them. A. period B. science C. magazines D. novels（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We propose to furnish our own house according to our own taste. A. display B. fix C. paint D. decorate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The agenda will be choosen through an
6、 ongoing process of consultations with officials of governments and international organizations. A. continuing B. easygoing C. outgoing D. stopping（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The British political system has evolved over several centuries. A. improved B. developed C. involved D. survived（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.
7、TIME B. Its the advertising edition of TIME Magazine directed exclusively to businessmen. A. not only B. only C. professionally D. frankly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The salesman stood up for his product when challenged. A. defended B. sold C. spoke of D. stood out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Plus substantial real e
8、state tax abatements and other financial incentives. A. increment B. reductions C. rate D. package（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The books interest businessmen profoundly. A. likely B. solely C. sharply D. deeply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)An international team of research scientists has create
9、d a new kind of rice that contains Vitamin A. The researchers used genetic engineering to create the new rice. Genetic engineering is the technology of changing the genes of living things. The researchers say the rice could help millions of people who do not get enough Vitamin A in the food they eat
10、. The findings were published in Science magazine.Vitamin A is necessary for the bodys natural defense system against disease. Vitamin A is needed to help prevent skin and other tissues from drying out. It also produces a light-sensitive substance in the eyes.People who do not get enough Vitamin A c
11、annot see well in the dark. They may develop a condition that dries the eyes. The condition can result in infections that lead to blindness.A lack of Vitamin A is a major cause of blindness among children. Health experts estimate that 124 million children around the world do not eat enough foods wit
12、h Vitamin A.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil and in the yellow part of eggs. Vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes contain beta carotene, a substance that the body changes into Vitamin A.Public health campaigns to provide Vitamin A to those who need it have proved costly. And they are no
13、t always effective. That has led researchers to try to create foods with the vitamin.Rice is one of the most common crops grown worldwide. However, normal rice lacks Vitamin A. Researchers at a laboratory in Switzerland found a way to change the genetic material of rice. They added three genes to th
14、e rice. The genes produce beta carotene, the chemical that our bodies change into Vitamin A.The new rice has a golden yellow color. The researchers say 200 grams of the rice have enough beta carotene to provide the necessary amount of Vitamin A.Biologist Mary Lou Guerinot of Dartmouth College wrote
15、a commentary published with the report in science magazine. She said the rice is an excellent example of the good things that can be done with genetic engineering. However, critics of genetic engineering argue that changing plant genes could increase risks to human health or the environment.（分数：7.00
16、）(1).With Vitamin A people wont get any diseases.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Vitamin B is necessary for peoples health.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Vitamin A can be found in fish and eggs.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Normally rice contains Vitamin（分数：1.00）A.A.
17、 RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Genetic engineering is absolutely good for human.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).According to the passage, genetic engineering is a new way to help people keep healthy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The more Vitamin A we have, the more healthy we
18、will be.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)1. If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise-and as a result, we are ageing unnec
19、essarily soon.2. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.3. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National Universit
20、y, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.4. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect(智能)and emotion, and determine the
21、human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties. )5. Contraction of front and side parts-as cells die off-was observed in some subjects in their th
22、irties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.6. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age-using the head.7. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in t
23、he country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.8. Matsuzawas
24、 findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking.Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain ceils need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain“, he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Dont rely on poc
25、ket calculators./（分数：8.00）(1).Para 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Para 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Para 7 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Para 8 _ A. Thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. B. The reason why people are aging. C. Scientists have worked out a way to keep people healthy. D. Computer technology. E. The
26、 different time of brain contraction between people in the country and in the towns. F. Measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The rear section of the brain controls functions like _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Matsuzawa wanted to find out the process of a
27、geing could be _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Through using the brain is the best way to maintain good _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The front and side sections of the brain relates to _. A. blood circulation B. slowed down C. occupations D. intellect and emotion E. eating and breathing F. fresh oxygen（分数：1.00）填空项 1
28、:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment“
29、period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many peopl
30、e do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly anthropologists point out that the secluded love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni th
31、e father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret.Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care
32、takers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. S
33、tatistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day
34、care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.（分数：15.00）(1).According to Bowlby, children under the age of three _.（分数：3.00）A.should not be sent to schoolB.sho
35、uld be cared for outside the homeC.will not suffer from parental separationD.dont mind who will look after them(2).Anthropologists believe differences between traditional and modern societies are that in the old society _.（分数：3.00）A.there was secluded love affair between children and parentsB.parent
36、s got some help from others to rear the infantC.only infants parents looked after their childD.children were separated from their parents at early stage(3).The argument against Bowlbys conclusion shows that _.（分数：3.00）A.there is on negative delayed effect on infants who go to school before threeB.th
37、ere is long-term effect on infants who go to school before threeC.children who are sent to school before three are subject to mental illnessD.children have problems with day care(4).The phrase “day care“ in Line 8, Par（分数：3.00）A.1 probably means _.A. boarding schoolB. primary schoolC. baby-sittingD.
38、 nursery school(5).This passage is about _.（分数：3.00）A.infants educationB.negative effect of infant schoolC.childhoodD.advantages of infants early care六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dorothea Dix left home at an early age-of her own free will-to live with her grand-mother.At fourteen, Dorothea was teaching scho
39、ol at Worcester, Massachusetts. A short time after she had begun teaching, she established a school for young girls in her grandparents home. Stress was placed on moral character at Dorotheas school, which she conducted until she was thirty-three.She was forced to give up teaching at her grandparent
40、s home, however, when she became ill. A few years of inactivity followed.In 1841 Dorothea began to teach again, accepting a Sunday school class in the East Cambridge, Massachusetts, jail. Here, she first came upon insane people locked up together with criminals.In those days insane people were treat
41、ed even worse than criminals. There were only a few asylums(精神病院)in the entire country. Therefore jails, poorhouses, and houses of correction were used to confine the insane.Dorothea Dix made a careful investigation of the inhuman treatment of the insane. It was considered, unfeminine (不适合女性的)for a
42、woman to devote herself to such work at this time. But this did not stop Dorothea Dix in her efforts to provide proper medical care for the insane.Gradually, because of her investigations, conditions were improved. More than thirty mental institutions were founded or re-established in the United Sta
43、ted because of her efforts. Dorothea also extended her investigations to England and to other parts of Europe.During the Civil War, Dorothea served as superintendent(管理人)of women hospital nurses in the Union army. When the war was over, she returned to her work of improving conditions for insane peo
44、ple.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The Treatment of Mental IllnessB.The Life of a Young English WomanC.Social Problems of the nineteenth CenturyD.An American Humanitarian(2).How did Dorothea Dix first become aware of the mistreatment of insane peopl
45、e?（分数：3.00）A.Her grandmother treated the mentally ill.B.She worked in an insane asylum as a young woman.C.She taught Sunday school in a jail.D.She was asked to investigate the problem.(3).The author implies that Dorothea Dixs work with the insane was interrupted because of _.（分数：3.00）A.an illnessB.t
46、he Civil WarC.her trip to EnglandD.her grandmothers death(4).What is the meaning of “served as“ in the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.waited on.B.used.C.succeeded as.D.worked as.(5).How are the events of Dorothea Dixs life presented in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.In random order.B.In chronological order.C.In
47、alphabetical order.D.From greatest to least significanc七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Many science reports discuss medical studies that test the effect of a new drug. Usually, a large number of people is divided into two groups. Each group takes a different substance. But no one knows which group is getting w
48、hich substance. One group takes the medicine being tested. Another group takes what we call an inactive substance. Medical researchers call this substance a “placebo.“ The word “placebo“ is Latin for “I shall please.“ Placebo pills(宽心丸)usually are made of sugar.Using placebos to test drugs sometimes has a surprising result. Researchers say people taking the placebo often report improvements in their health. This is known as “the placebo effect“-pain that is eased or stopped by an inactive substance. In such testing, the drug must perform better than the placebo to prove that it is effec
