1、职称英语卫生类 C级-39 及答案解析(总分：99.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：14，分数：14.00)1.The sports meeting is cancelled due to the heavy rain. A. because of B. regardless of C. rather than D. up to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He succeeded in passing the exam at last. A. gladly B. apparently C. eventually D. happily（分数：1.00）A.
2、B.C.D.3.It took him ten years to fulfill his goal. A. start B. achieve C. improve D. finish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The newly bought car brings nothing but trouble. A. nearly B. quickly C. generally D. only（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.This play is so boring that I feel abit sleepy. A. interesting B. exciting C. laz
3、y D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.There is enough space her to put the big table. A. step B. hospital C. room D. house（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Not everybody has the competence to do this job. A. competition B. comparison C. control D. ability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Thank you very much for your favor to me. A. hope B
4、. benefit C. help D. reply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It seems that there is a fall in the crime rate. A. drop B. rise C. ability D. increase（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.One s living background often has effects on his or her way of life. A. consists B. focuses C. influences D. confines（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is impos
5、sible to complete the task in a day. A. regular B. usual C. unlikely D. hopeful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.When the car accident happened, we were all horrified. A. take out B. take place C. take in D. take away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The factory can produce 100 bikes every day. A. make B. apply C. complete D.
6、compare（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.There are various ways to solve the problem. A. same B. many C. helpful D. different（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)3. Diabetes (糖尿病)Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose (葡萄糖) for our bodies to use for energy. The pancreas (胰腺), an organ near the stom
7、ach, makes a hormone called insulin (胰岛素) to help glucose get into your body cells. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn t make enough insulin or can t use its own insulin well. This problem causes glucose to build up in your blood.You may recall having some of these signs before you found
8、 out you had diabetes:* Being very thirsty.* Urinating (小便) a lot - often at night.* Having unclear vision from time to time.* Feeling very tired much of the time.* Losing weight without trying.* Having very dry skin.* Having sores that are slow to heal.* Getting more infections than usual.* Vomitin
9、g.Two main types of diabetes are Type 1 and Type 2. Another type of diabetes appears during pregnancy in some women. Its called gestational (妊娠) diabetes.One out of ten people with diabetes has Type 1 diabetes These people usually find out they have diabetes when they are children or young adults. T
10、he pancreas of a person with Type 1 makes little or no insulin. People with Type 1 diabetes must inject insulin every day to live.Most people with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes. The pancreas of people with such diabetes keeps making insulin for some time, but the body can t use it well. Most people
11、with Type 2 find out about their diabetes after age 30 or 40.Some risk factors which make people more likely to get Type 2 diabetes are:* A family history of diabetes.* Lack of exercise.* Weighing too much.Diabetes can hurt your eyes, your kidneys, and your nerves. It can lead to problems with the b
12、lood circulation in your body. Even your teeth and gums (齿龈) can be harmed. And diabetes in pregnancy can cause special problems.（分数：7.00）(1).Diabetes means your body either doesnt make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin well.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Being very thirsty and f
13、eeling very tired much of the time are the only signs of diabetes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).There are altogether three types of diabetes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).More children and young adults are found to have Type 1 diabetes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5
14、).People with Type 1 diabetes must inject insulin every day to survive.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).If a person has family history of diabetes, is lack of exercise and too fat, he/she is more likely to get Type 1 diabetes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Diabetes is curable if
15、the patient can control the amount of sugar taken everyday.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Addressing a Variety of Behavior affecting Factors B. Importance of Immunization C. Relationship with Other Health Services D. Creation of Necessary Conditions for Hea
16、lthy Behavior E. Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F. Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. many vaccines B. prevent diseases C. health education
17、D. healthy behavior E. change unhealthy behavior F. other health services.（分数：4.00）(1).Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Immunization helps to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Health education cannot take the place of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Individuals should be provided with neces
18、sary conditions for 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Obesity Causes Global WarmingThe list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.This conclusion comes from Shehion Jaeobson of the University of I
19、llinois, U. S. , and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.There has been calls for taxes on iunk food in
20、recent years. U. S. economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people s cars. “We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost,“ Sehmidt said. “Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more. “U. S. political scientist Eric Oliver said his first i
21、nstinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.At the U. S. Obesity Society s annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause - and -
22、effect relationship. “The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously,“ Oliver said.In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last.Thre
23、e researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. “Obesity was stigmatized, “the researchers said.But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the en
24、d, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don t care. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.（分数：15.00）(1).Sheldon Jacobson and Laura McLay come to the conclusion that obese people cause global warming by（分数：3.00）A.calculating how much
25、extra gasoline is needed to transport fat Americans around.B.examining how much more carbon dioxide fat people breathe out every year.C.calculating how much junk food fat people consume every year in America.D.examining how much more fat people cost taxpayers due to their lazy lifestyl(2).Martin Sch
26、midt cited cigarettes as an example to show（分数：3.00）A.the reason why we put tax on cigarettes.B.there is good reason to put a tax on junk food delivered to people s cars.C.people who lead a lazy lifestyle should be fined by means of tax.D.why taxpayers complain about the high tax they have to pay.(3
27、).What was obesity correlated to at the U. S. Obesity Society s annual meeting?（分数：3.00）A.DeathB.CrimeC.AgingD.Suicides(4).What is true about the 1960s study and the recent research repeating it?（分数：3.00）A.They were conducted in the same group of people.B.Only obese liked obese people as their frien
28、ds.C.People are now more tolerant of obese people now.D.They reached the same conclusion.(5).Why is it difficult for obese people to loose weight according to researchers?（分数：3.00）A.Because they don t care about their obesity.B.Because they have limited personal control over their weight.C.Because i
29、t is too difficult, just like smokers struggling to quit smoking.D.Because they cannot get professional help.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Lack of Sleep Increases the Risk of Catching a ColdAs cold season approaches, many Americans stock up on their vitamin C and Echinacea (紫锥花精油). But fallowing the age -old
30、 advice about catching up on sleep might be more important.Studies have demonstrated that poor sleep and susceptibility (易受影响) to colds go hand in hand, and scientists think it could be a reflection of the role sleep plays in maintaining the bodys defenses.In a recent study for the Archives of Inter
31、nal Medicine, scientists followed 153 men and women for two weeks, keeping mack of their quality and duration of sleep. Then, during a five - day period, they quarantined (进行检疫隔离) the subjects and exposed them to cold viruses. Those who slept an average of fewer than seven hours a night, it turned o
32、ut, were three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged at least eight hours.Sleep and immunity, it seems, are tightly linked. Studies have found that mammals that require the most sleep also produce greater levels of disease - fighting white blood cells-but not red blood cells, even though
33、 both are produced in bone marrow (骨髓) and stem from the same precursor (前体物). And researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that species that sleep more have greater resistance against pathogens (病原体).“Species that have evolved longer sleep durations,“ the Pla
34、nck scientists wrote, “appear to be able to increase investment in their immune systems and be better protected. /（分数：15.00）(1).What do many Americans do in the effort to avoid cold in winter?（分数：3.00）A.They take vitamin C and use Echinacea.B.They sleep more as the scientists suggest.C.They try to s
35、tay indoors as much as possibleD.They sleep less to make time for exercis(2).What did the scientists do in the study for the Archives of Internal Medicine?（分数：3.00）A.They checked the subjects health problems and gave advice.B.They made record of the subjects quality and length of sleep.C.They expose
36、d the subjects to different kinds of viruses.D.They gave medicine to the subjects who had caught col(3).How long did the experiment last according to passage?（分数：3.00）A.Two weeks.B.About three weeks.C.For many years.D.For Five days.(4).What can we learn from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Scientists have pr
37、oved the link between sleep and immunity.B.Mammals that require the most sleep produce more blood cells.C.Species that sleep more have greater resistance against pathogens.D.Red blood cells help the body to fight against diseases.(5).Where is white blood cells produced?（分数：3.00）A.In the blood vessel
38、s.B.In the heart.C.In bone marrow.D.In the precursor.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Burst of Technology Helps Blind to SeeBlindness first began creeping up on Barbara Campbell when she was a teenager, and by her late 30s, her eye disease had stolen what was left of her sight.Reliant on a talking computer for
39、reading and a cane for navigating New York City, where she lives and works, Ms. Campbell, now 56, would have been thrilled to see something. Anything.Now, as part of a striking experiment, she can. So far, she can detect burners on her stove when making a grilled cheese, her mirror frame, and whethe
40、r her computer monitor is on.She is beginning an intensive three-year research project involving electrodes surgically implanted in her eye, a camera on the bridge of her nose and a video processor strapped to her waist.The project, involving patients in the United States, Mexico and Europe, is part
41、 of a burst ofrecent research aimed at one of science s most. sought - after holy grails (无法实现的梦想): making the blind see.Some of the 37 other participants further along in the project can differentiate plates from cups, tell grass from sidewalk, sort white socks from dark, distinguish doors and wind
42、ows, identify large letters of the alphabet, and see where people are, albeit not details about them.Linda Morfoot, 65, of Long Beach, Calif. , blind for 12 years, says she can now toss a ball into a basketball hoop (篮球筐), follow her nine grandchildren as they run around her living room and “see whe
43、re the preacher is“ in church.“For someone who s been totally blind, this is really remarkable, “said Andrew R Mariani, a program director at the National Eye Institute. “They re able to get some sort of vision. “Scientists involved in the project, the artificial retina, say they have plans to devel
44、op the technology to allow people to read, write and recognize faces.Advances in technology, genetics, brain science and biology are making a goal that long seemed out of reach-restoring sight-more feasible.（分数：15.00）(1).Ms Campbell became totally blind（分数：3.00）A.in her teens.B.in her thirties.C.at
45、birth.D.in her fifties.(2).As part of a striking experiment, now Barbara Campbell can see（分数：3.00）A.her image in the mirror.B.the cheese burned in the stove.C.what is on her computer monitor.D.her mirror flam(3).What is the project aimed at?（分数：3.00）A.making the blind see.B.testing the function of e
46、lectrodes on mind.C.trying eyeball implantation.D.touring Europe and Mexico.(4).What change has happened to Linda Morfoot after she participated the project?（分数：3.00）A.She can chase her grandchildren in her living room now.B.She can play basketball with a team now.C.She can locate the preacher when
47、attending church now.D.She can locate what the preach say in the Bibl(5).What is the authors attitude towards the project?（分数：3.00）A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Indifferent.D.Satisfie八、第 5部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)3. BrandsThe word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses (包含) other narrower terms. (
48、46) A brand differentiates one seller s products from those of competitors. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalized. A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design, or distinctive coloring or lettering. (47) A trademark is a b
49、rand that is given legal protection because, under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller. (48) All trademarks are brands and thus include the words, letters, or numbers that can be pronounced. They may also include a pictorial design. Some people erroneously believe that the trademark is only the pictorial part of the brand.One major method of classifying br
