1、职称英语卫生类 C级-38 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The inconvenience to users and economic cost to the nation escalate rapidly. A. decrease B. fall C. increase D. decline（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The current external surplus declined further. A. less B. farther C. few D. more（分数：1.00）A
2、.B.C.D.3.A common application of spreadsheet software is studying company accounts. A. form B. use C. kind D. development（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Domestic demand may thus decelerate to a more sustainable growth rate, and the unemployment rate may rise slightly. A. and B. in this way C. later D. this（分数：1.
3、00）A.B.C.D.5.When machines become outdated there is a tendency to move them into other departments that have not previously been computerized. A. advanced B. out-of-date C. modern D. cool（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Many of these decision-support programs are poorly conceived and can be a waste of both time a
4、nd money. A. plan B. game C. computer D. software（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.These computer programs can increase productivity. A. boost B. fall C. speed D. decrease（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The command BU (Control B, -then U) underlines text. A. type B. password C. program D. instruction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.One draw
5、back of having a printer at every workstation is the high cost. A. disadvantage B. mistake C. merit D. advantage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Microcomputer proves itself more and more important in the business, so additional machines are purchased. A. lent B. bought C. borrowed D. repaired（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.
6、When a great deal of word processing is carried out, standard letters and documents can be stored at once. A. broken B. outdated C. carried back D. performed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The effect of higher oil prices has been substantially offset by the recent yen appreciation. A. represented B. increased C
7、. cancelled out D. paid（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The more grandiose the sales pitch, the wore sceptical many senior executives become about the value of the lastest wave of decision-support software on offer. A. clerks B. managers C. salespeople D. secretaries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.If you make a mistake, del
8、ete the characters you have entered using the backspace delete key. A. remove B. recover C. install D. restart（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Tebbuts own product, called Brainstorm, is a sophisticated software ideas organizer that is cheap, easy to use and quite helpful. A. different B. excellent C. complex D.
9、old（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos(1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals in that they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some prim
10、itive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain thing and alleviating (减轻)symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component
11、of the beliefs about the causes arid cutes of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to expel harmful spirit from a d
12、iseased body.One of the earliest attempts in the western world to formulate(系统地阐述)principles of health care based upon rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B. C., not even whether he actually
13、authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings, attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics(道德). Among other things, i
14、t requires the physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor patient relation-ship.Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from an understanding of the natural sciences
15、and the logic of cause and effect relation-ships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human wellbeing is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. In
16、teresting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.（分数：7.00）(1).Primitive humans looked like animals.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Nowadays, people think illness is caused by evil spirits.（分数：1.00）A.R
17、ightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Its not sure whether Hippocrates actually authored the collection of books that bears his name.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Hippocrates pointed that human well-being is influenced by a lot of factors.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The Hippocratic
18、 Oath is the foundation of medical ethics.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Magic once could cure human diseases.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).From Long age, people started to understand the relationship between social behavior and health.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第
19、 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)1. More efforts are being made toward environmentally safe work places. An environmental policy research organization has done that in Washington, D.C. The World Resources Institute re-designed its office to make it safer for people and the environment. This newly-design
20、ed office is called a “green“ office.2. The newly designed office was made with environmentally safe building materials instead of building products that are harmful to the environment. For example, the floor of the office is made of bark(树皮)from a cork tree. The bark of a cork tree will renew itsel
21、f so the tree does not die. The cork floor also feels good to stand on.3. The floor in another part of the office is made of bamboo(竹子). Bamboo is a fast-growing grass that quickly replaces itself. Other areas of the floor are covered with carpeting. However, unlike many offices, the carpet was made
22、 without harmful chemicals.4. Storage areas in the office are made from the crushed shells of sunflower seeds. The office doors are made from pressed wheat straw. Wheat straw is an agriculture waste product that would normally be burned. That process adds chemicals to the atmosphere.5. World Resourc
23、es Institute officials also chose lighting and other electrical equipment that use less energy. And, they improved their communication systems. New video communication equipment lets workers see and talk to people in other cities. The new equipment was added to reduce the amount of travel by office
24、workers. That reduces the amount of harmful gases that are released into the atmosphere by cars or planes.6. The organizations officials also announced a plan that would reduce harmful carbon dioxide gases from their office by the year 2005.7. World Resources Institute officials say the cost of buil
25、ding a “green“ office is similar to that of a traditional office. They say building more “green“ offices could lead to a healthier environment. They say a healthy environment and a strong economy can exist together. The organization says it is creating a work environment that is better for people.（分
26、数：8.00）(1).Para 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Para 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Para 6 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Para 7 _. A. A plan to reduce harmful gases from offices B. A “green“ office safer for people C. The decoration of the green office D. The materials of the green office E. More things to do for a better
27、 work environment F. The cost of the green office（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The floor of the office is made of bark from（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The floor in another office is made of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Storage areas are made of crushed shells of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The doors are made from pressed _. A. wh
28、eat straw. B. bamboo C. bark D. cork tree E. sunflower seed: F. grass（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)There seems to be a close relationship between drinks and ones life.The adolescent(少年)usually loves soft drinks for their sweetness and variety. He knows nothing of sa
29、dness and his taste of life is sweetness to the exclusion of all the others. In his eyes, the world is full of facets just as soft drinks are varied in flavor.Youth sees him on a job or in love. Now, soft drinks will have to give way to coffee, which is bitter yet somewhat sweet and fragrant. It giv
30、es a stimulating sensation suggestive of maturity, appealing to him, as he is fickle and moody. At his stage, he begins his career full of ambition and ideals, on the other hand he also needs and aspires after a home of his own. However, either his work or his love affairs may bring small setbacks,
31、for which he is sometimes seen forcing a tearful smile and sometimes smiling through his tears. Considerations of gains and losses seem to him an enjoyment as well as a torture.Middle age turns him to Chinese tea that gives a delicate fragrance very gradual to come out, only discernable off and on.
32、It is bland an elegant, deep and profound. It never stimulates your sense of taste but a lip of it will leave a faint fragrance lingering in your mouth, Free from impractical longings and fully aware of the evanescent of the sunset, he cherishes every minute of the day and each day of his is sweeten
33、ed with a simple but real happiness.The elderly drinks plain boiled water which is devoid of saccharin, caffeine or theophyline (茶碱). It tastes insipid yet a slow sipping will doubtless yield a wee bit of sweetness. He has been tossed in lifes storms and taught by rough and bitter experience to know
34、 better than to care about glories and successes which appear to him now as transient as a fleeting cloud. For this is the time he can sit comfortable in an armchair letting his mind wander. All that happened in the past and all that exist in the world seem to him as plain and insipd as water.（分数：15
35、.00）(1).The passage could be entitled _.（分数：3.00）A.On DrinksB.Drinks and LifeC.stages of LifeD.Drinking Customs(2).According to the passage, the adolescent loves soft drinks because _.（分数：3.00）A.those sweet and colorful drinks fit their happy moodB.children are not permitted to touch winesC.there ar
36、e various sweet soft drinks on salesD.children have never seen all the other drinks in their eyes(3).According to the passage, young people love coffee because of _.（分数：3.00）A.new and foreign taste of coffeeB.enjoyment and troubles of their work and loveC.their desire for homes of their ownD.their d
37、esire for stimulating their nerves(4).Why do the middle-aged people prefer tea according to the author?（分数：3.00）A.They become practical and want to save money.B.They like the faint and lingering fragrance of the Chinese tea.C.Coffee is too bitter for them to drink.D.Hot tea is good for their healt(5
38、).The phrase “as plain and insipid as water“ implies that _.（分数：3.00）A.everything in the world is as dull and meaningless as waterB.all the failures and successes will flow away as waterC.everything in the world is as tasteless as waterD.they calm down to accept the world as it was六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.
39、00)Bathing in the sea in England a hundred years ago was not quite the light-hearted amusement that it is today. There are no running down from the hotel to the beach in a bath robe(长袍), no sunbathing, or lying about on the sands in bathing-dresses after the dip. Everything had to be done in an orde
40、rly and extremely polite manner. Mixed bathing was not allowed anywhere. Men and women each had their separate part of the beach, and they were not supposed to meet in the water.Bathing clothes were also closely controlled. Men usually wore simple bathing drawers and no more, but women were obliged
41、to wear thick, cumbersome woolen garments that covered them completely from head to foot. These satisfied the demands of modesty, but they must have been extremely uncomfortable for swimming.Even thus decently covered, women were not supposed to show themselves on the beach while in bathing attire(浴
42、衣). They had to wait their turn for a bathing machine, a sort of wooden cabin on wheels which was drawn right down to the waters edge by horses. On its seaward side a sort of hood or canopy(罩盖)stretched outwards and downwards over the water, completely hiding the bather until she was actually in the
43、 sea. There was a bathing woman in attendance, part of whose duty was to dip, in other words, to seize the bather as soon as she emerged and dip her forcibly under water two or three times. This was supposed to be for the benefit of her health, and no doubt it was all right in the hands of the gentl
44、e. But most bathing women were the reverse of gentle, and to be dipped by them must have been a strenuous form of exercise.（分数：15.00）(1).Women wore uncomfortable bathing clothes because _.（分数：3.00）A.it protected them from the coldB.it was considered bad manners to show any fleshC.it made it easier t
45、o swimD.it covered them from head to foot(2).The bathing machine was used _.（分数：3.00）A.so that the horses could drink at the waters edgeB.so that the hood could be projected towards the seaC.so that the bather could hide from the seaD.so that the bather could be screened(掩蔽)until she was in the sea(
46、3).A bathing-womans job was to _.（分数：3.00）A.attend to the bathing machineB.dip the attendantC.force the bather to emerge from the bathing machineD.force the bather under the water when she came out of the machine(4).Most bathing-women were _.（分数：3.00）A.gentleB.the opposite of roughC.roughD.strenuous
47、(5).A suitable title for this passage would be _.（分数：3.00）A.Sea Bathing Through the AgesB.Bathing Clothes Through the AgesC.Sea HorsesD.A Hundred Years of Sun Bathing七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The wonders which medical workers have already brought about in the diagnosis(诊断) and treatment of disease sugges
48、t that a time may come when the physician will be able to analyze most illnesses as soon as they start, and cure them before damage results. How soon this “golden age of healing“ arrives will depend greatly on how close is the collaboration between research workers in medicine and those who work in the sciences on which medicine depends. The physician has long relied on the chemist for curative drugs, and on the physicist for diagnostic instruments and healing rays. In the one field new materials and in the other new devices are being produced in increasing numbers, helping to make imminent
