1、职称英语卫生类 C级-37 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Lets arrange the provisional meeting for next Wednesday, even though we may have to change it. A. tentative B. practical C. local D. commercial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Be suspicious about water from other sources, such as ponds, strea
2、ms, wells, tanks, water trucks or public standpipes. A. brave B. doubtful C. quiet D. careful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.What influenced you to do it? A. affirmed B. affected C. invited D. interested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.This survey was conducted to find out how many people prefer butter. A. examination B. insp
3、ection C. analysis D. investigation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The farmers worried about the lack of rain. A. shortage B. drift C. woe D. burden（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The room was filled with the scent, of flowers. A. atmosphere B. pot C. feature D. odor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.According to many sources, the safest dr
4、inking water is from a piped supply. A. many resources B. a great deal of information C. many sausages D. a great deal of salvage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.When once you have caught the disease, you are immune from it for the rest of your life. A. free B. busy C. calm D. impatient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Blend th
5、e sugar, flour, and eggs together. A. bring B. mix C. take D. buy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.If a thing is conspicuous by its absence, it is something that everyone expects to be there. A. noticeable B. necessary C. regrettable D. indifferent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He paused for a moment, then continued speakin
6、g. A. sat B. stood C. shook D. stopped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.That apartment has been vacant for over a month. A. occupied B. damaged C. empty D. rented（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The police managed to track down the man in New York. A. search B. catch C. pursue D. survey（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The doctors performe
7、d a heart operation that was a miracle of medical skill. A. climax B. prodigy C. mirage D. acme（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Boil drinking water for at least five minutes, to kill the germs, then let it cool in a clean container. Keep it covered. A. insects B. bugs C. bacteria D. pests（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分
8、：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses(病毒)harbored in the body, and you re better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a s
9、nowy day than you are in a toasty warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers, or fellow students, who just may be passing the virus around. If you feel a chill when youre coming down with a cold, youre already sick. A chill is an early symptom: Its the cold that caused the chill, not the other way
10、 around.While the virus can spread through droplets propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer coughs or sneezes, surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are “caught“ by hand contact. A cold-sufferer ru
11、bs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit.“Dont kiss me,“ she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye-and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their childs discarded(丢弃了的)
12、tissues and carefully throw them away, but fail to wash their hands afterward.Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects-telephones, towels, plates-and remain infections for up to three hours. Frequent hand-washing-on the part of the cold-sufferer as well as other members of the household-will
13、minimize the spread of viruses in this way.（分数：7.00）(1).Colds are caused by exposure to severe weather.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The most common route of cold transmission is by hand contact.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Cold viruses can remain infectious for up to 10 hou
14、rs.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Sleep can cure colds.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Only the cold-sufferer needs frequent hand-washing.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Colds can be avoided.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Colds are caused by viruses hiden in
15、 the body.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)1. For well over 2000 years the worlds great religions have taught the virtues of a trusting heart. Now there is another reason to merit the wisdom of the ages: scientific evidence indicates that those with trusting hear
16、ts will live longer, healthier lives.2. As a result of the work published in the 1970s by two pioneering heart specialists, Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman, nearly every American is aware that blood Type A people are impatient, and easily moved to hostility and anger. Many have come to believe th
17、at Type As are at a much higher risk of suffering heart attack or dying of heart disease than others.3. The driving force behind hostility is a cynical(愤世嫉俗的)mistrust of others. If we expect others to mistreat us, we are seldom disappointed. This generates anger and leads us to respond with hostilit
18、y.4. The most characteristic attitude of a cynic is being suspicious of the motives of people he doesnt know. Imagine you are waiting for an elevator and it stops two floors above for longer than usual. How inconsiderate(不替别人着想的)! You think, In a few seconds, you have drawn hostile conclusions about
19、 unseen people and their motives.5. Meanwhile, your cynical mistrust is leading to noticeable physical consequences. Your voice rises. The rate and depth of your breathing increases. Your heat is beating faster and harder, and harder, and the muscles of your arms and legs become tight. You feel “cha
20、rged up“, ready for action.6. If you frequently experience these feelings, you may be at increased risk of developing serious health problems. Anger can add to the risk of heart and other diseases.（分数：8.00）(1).Para 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Para 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Para 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Par
21、a 6 _. A. Blood Type A people are impatient and easily to get angry. B. The most characteristic attitude of a cynic is being suspicious. C. Anger is harmful to our health. D. Those with trusting heart may live longer and healthier. E. Scientists have worked out a way to cure heart diseases. F. Anger
22、 can add to the risk of diseases.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Type A people are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Your heart is beating _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Anger makes us become _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Those with trusting heart will live _.A. taster and harderB. longer and healthierC: heavyD. impatientE. colorfulF. host
23、ile（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The famous Dr. Edward Jenner was busy trying to solve the problem of smallpox. After studying case after case, he still found no possible cure. He had reached an impasse in his thinking. At this point, he changed his tactics. Instead
24、 of focusing on people who had smallpox, he switched his attention to people who did not have smallpox. It turned out that dairymaids(挤奶女工)apparently never got the disease. From the discovery that harmless cowpox gave protection against deadly smallpox came vaccination(牛痘) and the end of smallpox as
25、 a scourge(灾祸) in the Western world.We often reach an impasse in our thinking. We are looking at a problem and trying to solve it and it seems there is a deadened, and “aporia“ (the technical term in logic meaning “no opening“). It is on these occasions that we become tense, we feel pressured, overw
26、helmed, in a state of stress. We struggle vainly, fighting to solve the problem. Dr. Jenner, however, did something about this situation. He stopped fighting the problem and simply changed his point of view-from patients to dairymaids, picture the process going something tike this: Suppose the brain
27、 is a computer. This computer has absorbed into its memory bank all your history, your experiences, your training, your information received, through life, and it is programmed according to all this data. To change your point of view, you must reprogram your computer, thus freeing yourself to take i
28、n new ideas and develop new ways of looking at things. Dr. Jenner, in effect, by reprogramming his computer, erased the old way of looking at his smallpox problem and was free to receive new alternatives.（分数：15.00）(1).What does “impasse“ probably mean?（分数：3.00）A.deadenedB.depressionC.solutionD.peak(
29、2).How did Dr. Edward Jenner solve the problem of smallpox?（分数：3.00）A.He kept on focusing on people who had smallpox.B.He changed his way of thinking by turning to people without smallpox.C.Dairymaids advised that he use cowpox to experiment.D.He happened to discover cowpox and he experimented with
30、it on dairymaids.(3).What does “reprogramming his computer“ mean in the last sentence of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Change the program of his personal computer.B.Fix his personal computer.C.Look at his problem in a new way.D.Wash his brain of old ideas.(4).We can infer from the passage that fighting a p
31、roblem is _.（分数：3.00）A.always sensibleB.sometimes uselessC.annoyingD.rewarding(5).This passage mainly tells us _.（分数：3.00）A.the definition of an impasse in thinkingB.the discovery of vaccinationC.how to fight a problemD.how to change our paint of view六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Have you ever suddenly felt
32、that someone you know was in trouble-and he was? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP(超感官知觉).ESP stands for Extra Sensory Perception. It may be called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some dis
33、tance away.Here is an example: A woman was doing washing. Suddenly she screamed. “My father is dead! I saw him sitting in the chair! Just then, a telegram came. The womans father had died of a heart attack. He died sitting in a chair.There are thousands of stories like this on record. Scientists are
34、 studying them to find out what is behind these strange mental messages. Heres another example-one of hundreds of dreams that have come true.A man dreamed he was walking along a road when a horse and carriage came by. The driver said, “Theres room for one more.“ The man felt the driver was Death, so
35、 he ran away. The next day the man was getting on a crowded bus. The bus driver said, “Theres room for one more.“ Then the man saw the drivers face was the same face he had seen in the dream. He wouldnt get on the bus. As the bus drove off, it crashed and burst into flames. Everyone was killed!Some
36、people say stories like these are lies or coincidences. Others, including some scientists say that ESP is true. From studies of ESP, we may some day learn more about the human mind.（分数：15.00）(1).ESP lets people know about（分数：3.00）A.their dreamsB.events after they happenC.events before they happenD.h
37、eart attacks(2).The example of the man shows an ability to _.（分数：3.00）A.avoid traffic accidentsB.judge the good and evil of a personC.know about the events that are happening some distance awayD.sense a danger that will actually happen later on(3).In this passage the word “coincidences“ probably mea
38、ns _.（分数：3.00）A.things which do not happenB.things which happen by accident without necessary connectionC.things which are only dreamsD.things dreamed of only by sick people(4).From the passage, it can be inferred that _ have ESP.（分数：3.00）A.the deadB.menC.womenD.either B or C(5).The best title for t
39、his passage is _.（分数：3.00）A.A Sixth SenseB.The Human MindC.A Big LieD.A Terrible Dream七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative ev
40、ents like “serious illness of a family member“ were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress-it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now
41、know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of American who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a me
42、morable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!“ If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many -like the death of a loved one
43、 - are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方)for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
44、The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable (脆弱的)and passive in the face of adversity (逆 境 5. But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than the
45、y had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.（分数：15.00）(1).The result of Holmes-Rahes medical research tells us _.（分数：3.00）A.what should be done to avoid stressB.what kind of event would cause stressC.how to cope with sud
46、den changes in lifeD.the way you handle major events may cause stress(2).The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to _.（分数：3.00）A.popular avoidance of stressful jobsB.widespread concern over its harmful effectsC.an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD.great panic over the mental dis
47、order it could cause(3).The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _.（分数：3.00）A.how much pressure you are underB.how stressful a major event can beC.how positive event can change your lifeD.how you can deal with life-changing events(4).Why is “such simplistic advice“ (Par（分数：3.00）A.3) impossible to fol
48、low?A. You could be missing opportunities as well.B. No one can stay on the same job for long.C. No prescription is effective in relieving stress.D. People have to get married someday.(5).According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become _.（分数：3.00）A.physically and mentally strainedB.nervous when faced with difficultiesC.more capable of coping with adversityD.indifferent toward what happens to them八、第 5部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One st
