1、职称英语卫生类 C级-34 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I understand that George can play piano by ear; is that true? A. without dependence on written music B. with his eyes closed C. by hitting the keys with his ears D. by someone who spoke into his ear（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The audienc
2、e applauded enthusiastically after the performance at the Grand Old Oper a.A. clappedB. laughedC. chattedD. contributed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Their talents are not only enormous but durable. A. elastic B. lasting C. flexible D. suitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.If the right first more on the puzzle above has y
3、ou stumped, look in the back of this magazine under Creative Problem Solving. A. bored B. angried C. sad D. confused（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The grasshopper is an insect that can leap about twenty times the length of its own body. A. jump B. see C. hear D. call（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The original application c
4、ard has gone astray. A. new B. included C. outdated D. lost（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The unemployment rate may rise slightly. A. a lot B. a little C. quickly D. sharply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Under-used computer equipment can proliferate in large companies without a system to monitor purchasing. A. know B. orde
5、r C. screen D. watch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Phil Harris was hurtled into the business world at an age when most of todays teenagers are battling with “0“ levels. A. started B. entered C. thought D. rushed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The employer dictated the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in shorthand
6、. A. delivered B. handed C. read D. revealed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.We are engaged in the interdisciplinary field of the science and technology of materials. A. take up B. busy with C. interested in D. take in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Youll be agreeably surprised by its reasonable price. A. cheap B. expensive
7、 C. standardized D. same（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The April edition (covering copies, overseas deliveries and office cleaning) is now available. A. recovering B. telling C. cutting D. dealing with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away. A. survived B.
8、gone out C. died D. gone on a trip（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Annual renewal is automatic. A. every week B. every month C. every year D. everyday（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Researchers have known for years that animals have a “clock“ somewhere in their brains a control-centre that regulates
9、circadian(生物节奏的) rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the bodys daily biological cycles, controlling such activities as sleep and wakefulness. In November 1988, neuroscientists at the University of Virginia in Charlotteville reported that the supra chasmatic nucleus(SCN), a small cluster(束)of cells in the
10、 middle of the brain that neuroscientists have long suspected of playing a role in daily rhythms, is the long-sought biological clock.The investigators performed a series of tissue-transplant experiments with hamsters (仓鼠). Some of the animals were normal hamsters, which have a circadian cycle of 24
11、 hours; the others were mutant(变异型)hamsters whose cycles were only 20 or 22 hours long.The scientists first removed the SCN from the brans of the hamsters in both groups. They then implanted an SCN from a mutant hamster into the brain of each normal animal, and vice versa. When the hamsters had reco
12、vered from their operations, the circadian rhythms of the two groups were reversed. The normal hamsters had a daily cycle of 20 to 22 hours, and the mutants were on a 24-hour cycle.The identification of the internal clock is an important stepping-stone in understanding the basic, automatic mechanism
13、s of brain function. It may also help in finding ways to relieve human sleep disorders.（分数：7.00）(1).The purpose of the experiments was to fund out how the clock works.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).the identification of the internal clock may help to relieve human sleeping problems.（分数：1.
14、00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The normal hamsters had a daily cycle of 24 hour, and the mutants were on a 20- hour cycle.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).SCN plays a role in daily rhythms.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Scientists are cruel to do experiments with hamsters.（分
15、数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Biological clock tells time.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Hamsters have sleeping problems.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)1. Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to
16、 solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israels example.2. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medi
17、cal history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centred on the patients illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.3. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalisation, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his docto
18、r. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的)nursing administration;
19、every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each units nurses decide among themselves who will work
20、 what shifts and when.5. Beth Israels nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.（分数：8.00）(1).Para 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Para 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Para 3 _.（分数：
21、1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Para 4 _. A. Every patient is assigned to a primary nurse. B. Every patient is assigned to a doctor. C. The features of nursing in Beth Israel. D. The best patient care possible in Beth Israel Hospital. E. The cheapest patient care in Beth Israel. F. The duties of the primary nurs（分数
22、：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Follow Beth Israels example, if we are to solve the _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Each units nurses decide among themselves who will work _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).There are nurse-managers instead of _. A. true c
23、ollege B. nursing shortage C. head nurse D. doctor E. what shifts and when F. employee（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)An independent inquiry into out of hours services of family doctors in Scotland has concluded that the introduction of GP cooperatives has been a posi
24、tive development that is benefiting both patients and doctors.The working group that drew up the report, however, has expressed some concern about the treatment of children and difficulties faced by some patients in arranging their own transport to travel to emergency centers. Improvements are being
25、 sought by the Scottish Office on these issues to improve the quality, fairness, and responsiveness of the system.The inquiry was prompted by the deaths of two babies in Ayrshire after the local cooperative, Ayrshire Doctors on Call, provided telephone advice but declined requests for home visits. P
26、arents of the dead children criticized the cooperative for failing to send out a doctor.The parents supported a campaign that called for automatic home visits to be provided for certain groups of patients, such as children and elderly people. That idea has been rejected by the inquiry team, which sa
27、id that neither patient nor professional groups accepted the value of policies that would provide automatic home visits. Instead, it is recommended that cooperatives carry out more effective monitoring of treatment for children, including reviewing complaints and critical incidents.The first GP coop
28、eratives were formed three years ago to take over out of hours calls from individual practices, but they were established with different working practices. The report notes that variation exists in transport arrangements, with some cooperatives providing free transport to emergency centers and other
29、s requiring people often make their own arrangements. Health board have been ordered to report on the fairness of transport arrangements in their area.Guidelines are also to be introduced to ensure that cooperatives are working to similar high standards. They will include arrangements that will allo
30、w patients to make contact with an out of hours service with a single phone call. Initiatives are also planned to help GPs in rural areas who have been unable to benefit from the development of cooperatives. An extra 540 000 is being provided to pay for these developments.（分数：15.00）(1).What does the
31、 passage mainly deal with?（分数：3.00）A.The introduction of GP cooperatives has been a negative development.B.GP Cooperatives in Scotland benefit patients and doctors.C.GP cooperatives have some disadvantages which would do harm to patients.D.GP cooperatives are well-developed in Scotlan(2).The world “
32、issues“ is Line 3 Paragraph 2 can mostly be replaced by_.（分数：3.00）A.problemsB.troublesC.casesD.difficulties(3).The services GP cooperatives provide are _.（分数：3.00）A.medical advice on the phone and treatment of patients who are sent to hospitalsB.arranging ambulance for patients and home visits for c
33、ertain groups of patientsC.home visits for children and elderly peopleD.establishment emergency ward(4).The following statements conform to the passage except _.（分数：3.00）A.GP cooperatives were established with different medical unitsB.transport arrangements and quality of services provided by differ
34、ent medical units are not of the same standardsC.patients request for fairness of transport arrangementsD.cooperatives should make improvement in the treatment of children(5).The inquiry teams advice to the cooperatives is _.（分数：3.00）A.to strengthen the monitoring role in the treatment for childrenB
35、.to improve the quality, fairness of the systemC.to help GPs in the citiesD.to cooperate with local hospitals六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The idea of test-tube babies may make you starry-eyed with delight at the wonders of modern medicine or bleary-eyed with considering the moral/legal implications of start
36、ing life in a laboratory. But if youve ever been pregnant(怀孕)yourself, one thing is certain: You wonder what its like to carry a test-tube baby. Are these pregnancies normal? Are the babies normal?The earliest answers come from Australia, where a group of medical experts at the Queen Victoria Medica
37、l Center in Melbourne have taken a look at the continents first nine seemed to proceed according to plan, but at birth some unusual trends did show up. Seven of the nine babies turned out to be girls. Six of the nine were delivered by Caesarean section(剖腹产术). And one baby, a twin, was born with a se
38、rious heart defect and a few days later developed life-threatening abdominal problems.What does it all mean? Even the doctors dont know for sure, because the numbers are so small. The proportion of girls to boys is high, but until there are many more test-tube babies no one will know whether thats p
39、ure coincidence(巧合)or something special. The same thing is true of the single heart defect; it usually shows up in only 15 out of 60,000 births in that part of Australia, but the fact that it occurred in one out of nine test-tube babies does not necessarily mean that they are at special risk. One th
40、ing the doctors can explain is the high number of Caesareans.The Australian researchers report that they are quite encouraged. All the babies are now making nomal progress-even the twin with the birth defects.（分数：15.00）(1).The passage imples that the first test-tube babies were born in_.（分数：3.00）A.C
41、anadaB.BritainC.AmericaD.Australia(2).Which of the following statement best describes the organization of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.A problem is examined and possible reasons and solutions are given.B.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.C.Two contrasting views of a problem are pre
42、sented.D.Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importanc(3).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?（分数：3.00）A.People are not sure of the reason why the proportion of test-tube girls to boys is high.B.Heart defect usually occurs in only 15 out of 60,000 in
43、 Australia.C.Heart defect shows up in one out of nine test-tube babies.D.The test-tube babies are growing well.(4).Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The Proportion of Test-tube Girls to BoysB.Are Test-tube Babies Healthy?C.The Social Meaning of the
44、 Idea of Test-tube BabiesD.The Moral Issue Associated with Test-tube Babies(5).Where did the passage most probably appear?（分数：3.00）A.In a specialized publication for moral philosophers.B.In a specialized report for doctors.C.In a weekly news magazine with a large readership.D.On the front page of a
45、daily newspaper.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)American officials have announced rules to help prevent people from getting sick from the medicines they take. The rules require the medicines Americans use most to have information that is easy to read and understand. The officials say the new system will help p
46、eople make more informed decisions about the drugs they use.More and more people use medicines known as over-the counter drugs to treat common health problems. Americans buy 5, 000,000,000 such products each year.About 100,000 over-the-counter drugs can be purchased in the United States without orde
47、rs from a doctor. Many people decide on their own which drug to take, how to take it, and if it should be given to their children. Over-the-counter drugs are generally very safe. However, using them the wrong way can be dangerous. Officials say hospitals in the United States treat 170,000 people eac
48、h year because the drugs make them sick.Studies estimate that half of these hospital visits could be prevented if Americans were better educated about the products.The Food and Drug Administration proposed the new rules two years ago. FDA officials say they worked with the drug industry and public i
49、nterest groups to develop the requirements. The agency also received almost 2,000 public comments about the proposals.The new information should make it easier for people to identify active chemicals used in a medicine. This information will be listed at the top of the product container. The label also will list
