1、职称英语卫生类 C 级-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether.（分数：1.00）A.developB.disappearC.linkD.renew2.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain pric
2、es.（分数：1.00）A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful3.The government is debating the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining4.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical5.There
3、 is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.（分数：1.00）A.a steadyB.a plentifulC.an extraD.a stable6.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest7.A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in
4、the firms products.（分数：1.00）A.investedB.introducedC.installedD.insisted8.We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.（分数：1.00）A.amazedB.amountedC.amusedD.approached9.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.（
5、分数：1.00）A.beatsB.matchesC.maintainsD.announces10.It is out of the question that the inspector will come tomorrow.（分数：1.00）A.impossibleB.possibleC.probableD.likely11.Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches.（分数：1.00）A.conventionallyB.obvi
6、ouslyC.especiallyD.inevitably12.Techniques to employ the energy of the sun are being developed.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.storeC.useD.receive13.Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages.（分数：1.00）A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.occasionally14.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how
7、 to use its scarce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent15.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A 项：如果该句提供的错误
8、信息，请选择 B 项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C 项。B Dyslexia/BAs many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of t
9、he worlds great thinkers and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United
10、States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain-the part that controls language is larger
11、 than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4. No one knows the cau
12、se of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems
13、with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.（分数：7.00）(1).One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C
14、. Not mentioned(3).The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking,
15、 dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intell
16、igent or creative one they have learned to handle language properly.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)14 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 58 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。B More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too
17、Much of a Good Thing/BAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have
18、 more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings, which
19、DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount o
20、f time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep-for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within
21、a fixed period than people who sleep more.For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle o
22、f the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In
23、 an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a
24、higher percentage of time awake. “he said.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more like
25、ly to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).One survey showed that people who habitually _each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据
26、短文内容回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB What Is Death?/BPeople in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the heart stops beating. They
27、 discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life?This question has caused much
28、 debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal (切除) of undiseased (没病的) organs for
29、 transplant (移植) operations.The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it usually is easy to tell when the brain has d
30、ied. They put small electrodes (电极) on a persons skull (头骨) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells. The brain is dea
31、d when the waves stop moving.Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for variouis reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted.（分数：15.00）(1).People in the past held that the difference between life and death_.（分数：3.00）A.was easy t
32、o tellB.did not existC.lay in the brainD.was open to debate(2).Which of the following is NOT a phenomenon mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The heart may keep beating after the brain has died.B.The body may still be alive after the heart and the brain have stopped working.C.The brain may still be
33、active after the heart has stopped beating.D.The lung may keep breathing after the brain has died.(3).When a person should be considered dead is currently a matter_.（分数：3.00）A.which has caused heated argument in the USB.which few people in the US care much aboutC.which only doctors can settleD.which
34、 has already been settled(4).The brain controls the other body activities through_.（分数：3.00）A.medical devicesB.small electrodesC.he brain wavesD.the nerve cells(5).More and more people are beginning to accept the idea that a person is dead_.（分数：3.00）A.when the heart stops beatingB.when the brain bec
35、omes less activeC.when doctors stop medical treatmentD.when the brain stops workingB第二篇/BB Stress Level Tied to Education Level/BPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However, the study also fou
36、nd that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how
37、well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of
38、the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.“Less advantaged people are less healthy on a dally basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health.“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a pre
39、pared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is k
40、nown their stress is more acute and chronic.“If something happens every day, maybe its not seen as a stressor.“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.“stressor n. 紧张性刺激devastating adj. 毁灭性的follow-up n. (对病人的) 随访（分数：15.00）(1).Stress level is closely related to_.（分数：3.00）A.family sizeB.social statusC.
41、body weightD.work experience(2).The 1, 031 adults were interviewed_.（分数：3.00）A.on a dally basis for 8 daysB.during one of eight daysC.all by GrzywaczD.in groups(3).Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?（分数：3.00）A.People without any education.B.People without high school degrees.C
42、.People with high school degrees.D.People with college degrees.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greater（分数：3.00）A.the impact of stress on their health isB.the effect of education on their health isC.the level of their education isD.the degree of their health concern is(5).Less-educated people
43、 report fewer days of stress possibly because（分数：3.00）A.they dont want to tell the truthB.they dont want to face the truthC.stress is too common a factor in their lifeD.their stress is more acuteB第三篇/BB Late-night Drinking/BCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late in the
44、day will play havoc with you sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that send people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., before falling again. “Its
45、the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Manrice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiklogy Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep
46、 hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared wi
47、th 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off-twice as long as usual- and jigged around in twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breake
48、rs were half those in decaf drinkers. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme the drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decal after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that_.（分数：3.00）A.melatonin levels need to be raisedB.neurohormone can wake us upC.
