1、职称英语卫生类 C 级-29 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.（分数：1.00）A.extremely thoroughB.long and boringC.superficialD.unconvincing2.Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously
2、.（分数：1.00）A.adhered toB.abandonedC.appliedD.adopted3.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.demandedB.elicitedC.extractedD.defied4.The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.（分数：1.00）A.re
3、asonableB.sensibleC.crazyD.unbelievable5.Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.（分数：1.00）A.immediatelyB.correctlyC.fairlyD.carefully6.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environm
4、ent for children.（分数：1.00）A.an easyB.a playfulC.an openD.a better7.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint8.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.（分数：1.00）A
5、.beatsB.matchesC.maintainsD.announces9.The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.（分数：1.00）A.simply uselessB.really practicalC.very littleD.extremely useful10.The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.（分数：1.00）A.efficientB.respectableC.well-informedD.respectful11.During
6、the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical12.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.（分数：1.00）A.resumedB.put an end toC.suspendedD.re-scheduled13.What were the effects of the decision
7、she made?（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.resultsC.causesD.bases14.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached.（分数：1.00）A.boundaryB.skeletonC.enclosureD.material15.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC
8、.climateD.harvest二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供 的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole. Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record f
9、or a low temperature reading-125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. Reading of 85 degrees below zero is common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero. One thing alone makes it
10、 almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arc tic. This one thing is the low temperature-the killing chill of far North and the polar South. To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters.They must keep heaters going at all time
11、s. Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperatures. Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive. What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find
12、plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land. Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen cont
13、inent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have much like our own. Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive. （分数：7.00）(1).The lowest tem
14、perature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The Arctic and Antarctica are no mans lands because of their notorious
15、 coldness.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Polar explorers can stay alive without heaters and windproof shelters.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Despite the hostile environment, both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.（分数
16、：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there.（分
17、数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1) 第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中第 2、4、5、6 每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2) 第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 Drug Abuse1 The term “drug abuse“ most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical
18、 or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs. 2 Pharmacologists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs according to what they do to
19、 those who take them. Drugs that speed up signals passing through the nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and produce alertness and arousal and, in higher doses, excitability, and inhibit fatigue and sleep, are called stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, or depress si
20、gnals passing through the central nervous system and produce relaxation, a lowering of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drowsiness and sleep, are called depressants. One distinct kind of depressants are those which dull the minds perception of pain and in medicine are used as painkillers, or analgesic
21、s. These drugs called narcotics. 3 It is not always easy to determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse. Thus it is far easier to study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is to study who abuses them. When re searchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the
22、 more general phenomenon of drug use, whether it leads to abuse or not. 4 Drinking on the job is a social and economic problem with a long history. With the growing popularity of illegal drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, it was to be expected that their use in the workplace would emerge as a major issue
23、 by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job. The safe performance of some occupations among them is done by airline pilots in air traffic. 5 From the 1920s until the 1960s, treat
24、ment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent. During this period many officials did not believe that treatment was effective or necessary. Drug abusers and sellers were simply arrested and imprisoned, thereby discouraging use. The dramatic explosion in the use and abuse of a w
25、ide range of different drugs during the 1960s demonstrated the weakness of this theory. As a result, two treatment programs were developed during the 1960s. A. Patterns of drug abuse B. Treatment C. Drug testing in the workplace D. Classification of psychoactive drugs E. Definition of drug abuse （分数
26、：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job B. determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse C. the
27、 1920s until the 1960s D. the 1960s until the 1970sE. signals passing through the nervous system（分数：4.00）(1).Drugs that speed up _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent from _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is not always easy to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Es
28、timates of employee drug use very greatly, ranging from _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BTV Commercials and Print AdsDespite the fact that advertisers spend 44 billion on the major television networks and cable TV advertising, a
29、 new study show that consumers think print ads more entertaining and less offensive than television commercials. They study, conducted by Video Storyboard Tests in New York, showed that more consumers considered prints ads “artistic“ and “enjoyable“. The 2,000 consumers surveyed blasted TV ads compa
30、red to their print counterparts: 34 percent of respondents thought print ads were artistic, compared with 15 percent for television ads; 35 per cent thought print ads were enjoyable, compared to 13 percent for television; and, most surprising, 33 percent of consumers felt print ads were entertaining
31、, compared to only 18 percent for TV ads. Much of the artistic impact and positive reaction to print ads comes from the illustrations used. The illustration is primary in creating the mood for a print ad, which ultimately affects consumers feelings about the image of the brand. While the studys spon
32、sors were somewhat surprised by the survey results, some industry executives felt that print ads were finally getting the credit they deserve. Richard Kirshenbaum, chair and chief creative officer of Kirshenbaum, Bond people experience intense fear; normal social expectations are broken; each indivi
33、dual tries desperately to escape from the source of danger; mutual cooperation breaks down; and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday norms have little relevance, such as fires, floods, earthquakes or mi
34、litary invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction. Thus, when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing people may attempt to flee before fire breaks out and cause an explosion, but there only succeed in sto
35、pping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits. Awareness of bottlenecks may lead to increased panic, with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape. Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures, a high proportion of pas
36、senger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time. The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency, but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived. A different form of this collective behavior is the financial panic, which is typi
37、cally provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors. The classic example, of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929 : as in other forms of panic, the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests, and in
38、 so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible, people ensured that the price of stocks did fall; by demanding their money back from banks, they ensured that the banks actually did collapse. （分数：15.00）(1).What will people
39、 not do when they feel panic?（分数：3.00）A.They become uncoordinated.B.They become irrational.C.They face an immediate threat.D.They break down cooperative social relationships.(2).Which of the following cannot cause the process of panic?（分数：3.00）A.When people desperately try to escape from the source
40、of danger.B.When a sudden crisis occurs.C.When a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing.D.When people gathers at the exit.(3).Which of the following is NOT TURE according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.All of the panics are caused by natural reasons.B.People get into panic possibly because of the rumor
41、.C.In 1929, Americans worsened the Great Depression themselves to protect their own interests.D.Panics often cause a great loss in economy or human resources.(4).What does the word “bottlenecks“ (Para. 2) mean in this passage?（分数：3.00）A.A narrow part of a bottle.B.A style of guitar.C.An escape route
42、.D.An obstructed section.(5).What is the purpose of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.To analyze the causes of the panics and teach people how to prevent them.B.To introduce different kinds of panics.C.To help people set up daily norms that can prevent panics.D.To inform people of painful examples form panics.
43、B第三篇/BMalnutrition (营养不良)A new World Bank report warns that children who dont get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or underweight. They may suffer from poor health or limited intelligence. In addition, poorly nourished children are mor
44、e likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults. The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition. Many children who live in homes with plenty of foods utter for other reasons. For example, the study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babi
45、es their first breast milk. This milk-like substance is called colostrum. It is full of nutrients that improve a babys ability to fight infections and disease. The study also links malnutrition to economic growth in poor countries. A lack of nutrition in early children can cost developing nations up
46、 to three percent of their yearly earnings. Many of these same countries have economies that are growing at a rate of two or three percent yearly. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition. Africa and South Asia are affected the mos
47、t by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other parts of world are also severely affected, including Indonesia,
48、Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru. The study recommends that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health care. World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life betw
49、een pregnancy and two years was extremely important. Governments with limited resources should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period. （分数：15.00）(1).What is NOT the symptom of lasting damage?（分数：3.00）A.They may not get enough good nutrition in the first two years.B.They may be underdeveloped or underweight.C.They may feel painful fr
