1、职称英语卫生类 C 级-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The solid facts he provided in his speech left a deep impression on his audience.（分数：1.00）A.strongB.entireC.reliableD.hard2.Ms Hawkins handles the companys accounts.（分数：1.00）A.deals withB.deals inC.holds onD.holds out3.This
2、 book embraces many subjects.（分数：1.00）A.adoptsB.coversC.pressesD.accepts4.I reserve the right to disagree.（分数：1.00）A.deserveB.keepC.perceiveD.notice5.It is very late; hence you must go to bed.（分数：1.00）A.from now onB.laterC.elsewhereD.thus6.My sister has a talent for music.（分数：1.00）A.interestB.limita
3、tionC.dreamD.gift7.If you are Usmart/U, youd buy now before prices go up.（分数：1.00）A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave8.Theres no Ufun/U in spending the whole evening playing cards.（分数：1.00）A.enjoymentB.strengthC.temperD.excitement9.I will try not to take up too much of your time.（分数：1.00）A.deviseB.missC
4、.occupyD.catch10.Beijing is a pleasant place with convenient transportation and communication system.（分数：1.00）A.shockingB.pleasingC.boringD.surprising11.He is sure of a house-building boom after the new investment policies are put into practice.（分数：1.00）A.decreaseB.increaseC.influenceD.preparation12
5、.Three hours later he confessed that he had been involved in the attack.（分数：1.00）A.reportedB.rejectedC.admittedD.mentioned13.The city was literally destroyed.（分数：1.00）A.obviouslyB.eventuallyC.actuallyD.likely14.I dont feel secure when I am alone in the house.（分数：1.00）A.safeB.prettyC.distantD.obvious
6、15.He was said to have been removed from the position of manager for a recent conflict with an important customer.（分数：1.00）A.dismissedB.releasedC.pickedD.exposed二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A 项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择 B 项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C 项。B Sm
7、oking/BSince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking i
8、s associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smo
9、kers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized
10、 chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer be
11、gins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.（分数：7.00）(1).It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Smoking reduces ones li
12、fe expectancy.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Smoking may induce lung cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Male smokers have a lower death
13、rate from heart disease than female smokers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Nicotine is poisonous.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.0
14、0)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)14 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择1 个正确的小标题：(2)第 58 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。B Health Education/BHealth education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A persons behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, bu
15、t it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.Health education does not re
16、place other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper sue of these services. One example of this is immunization(免疫): scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive immunization.Health education encourages be
17、havior that promotes health, prevent illness, cures disease and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.Health ed
18、ucation is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support
19、from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themsel
20、ves.Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional authorities to make sure that resources and support are available t
21、o enable each individual to lead a healthy life.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of_.A. disease prevention（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Immunization contribute
22、s to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Health education cannot take the place of_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB New Foods and th
23、e New World/BIn the last 500 years, nothing about people-not their clothes, ideas, or languages-has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the
24、1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was wide
25、ly grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒)“ of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old
26、 World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.Accor
27、ding to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the pa
28、ssage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?（分数：3.00）A.Food.B.Clothing.C.Ideology.D.Language.(2).“Some“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to_.（分数：3.00）A.some cocoa treesB.some chocolate drinksC.some shopsD.some South American Indians(3).Thousands of Iris
29、h people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because_.（分数：3.00）A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything elseB.they were forced to leave their homeland and move to AmericaC.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoesD.the potato harvest was ba
30、d(4).Which country is the largest coffee producer?（分数：3.00）A.Brazil.B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.One third of the worlds population drinks coffee.B.Coffee is native to Colombia.C.Coffee can keep one awake.D.Coffe
31、e drinks were first made by Arabs.B第二篇/BB Common-cold Sense/B You cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinovir
32、uses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults-an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easi
33、ly to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it-but only it.Colds are usually spread by direct contact
34、, not sneezing or coughing. From another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is
35、 your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene wont ward off. every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of wa
36、ter, and bed rest is a good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies.Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.rhinovirus n.鼻病毒immune adj. 免疫的,有免疫力的disinfectant n. 消毒剂,杀菌剂sneeze vi. 打喷嚏thumbnail n.拇指（分数：15.00）(1).According to the essay, you may have a
37、 cold because_.（分数：3.00）A.the weather is too coldB.the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infectedC.another persons coughing passes the cold to youD.you wash your hands too often(2).The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is_.（分数：3.00）A.to keep yourself cleanB.to use a disinfectant soapC.to
38、 take two aspirins every dayD.to drink lots of water(3).Children have more colds because_.（分数：3.00）A.they are usually infected about eight times each yearB.they are not immune to many cold viruses yetC.they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirtyD.they dont like eating lemon(4).Whe
39、n you are having a cold,_.（分数：3.00）A.it is always the same kind of cold that you had last timeB.it may be the same kind of cold that you had last timeC.it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last timeD.it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time(5).When one is hav
40、ing a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.coughingB.having a sore throatC.having a runny noseD.having a stomachacheB第三篇/BB Pushbike Peril/BLow speed bicycle crashes can badly injure-or even kill-children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of engi
41、neers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a thi
42、rd were caused by bicycle accidents.“ The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures.“ she says.By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible
43、 for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees-but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the othe
44、r end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize the d
45、evice, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem.“ says Arbogast.The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to
46、adopt the new design A decision is expected later this year.handlebar n(常用复数) (自行车等的) 车把abdominal adj. 腹部的 redesign v. 重新设计bioengineer n. 生物工程师 reconstruct vt. 重建; 重构countermeasure n. 对策 abdomen n. 腹部momentum n. 冲力 handgrip n. 握柄damping adj. 制动的;减速的,缓冲的 commercialize vt. 使商品化（分数：15.00）(1).According
47、to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because（分数：3.00）A.they are not noble enoughB.they may kill childrenC.they are likely to crashD.they make the bike move at a low speed(2).In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries_.（分数：3.00）A.to discus
48、s how abdominal injuries in children occurB.to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidentsC.to point out what the countermeasures can beD.to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project(3).Paragraph 3 mainly discusses_.（分数：3.00）A.why the children and their parents were interviewedB.when the children tom the handlebars through 90 degreesC.what causes the children to topple overD.how serious injuries occur(4).The passage implies that_.（分数：3.00）A.it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new designB.t
