1、职称英语卫生类 B 级真题 2005 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项 (第 115 题，每题(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is obvious that he will win the game （分数：1.00）A.likelyB.possibleC.clearD.strange2.There is no risk to public health （分数：1.00）A.pointB.dangerC.chanceD.hope3.Did anyone call me when 1 was out? （分数：1.00）A.invi
2、teB.nameC.answerD.phone4.It took us a long time to mend the house （分数：1.00）A.buildB.destroyC.designD.repair5.I dont quite follow what she is saying （分数：1.00）A.believeB.understandC.explainD.accept6.We can no longer put up with his actions （分数：1.00）A.bearB.acceptC.supportD.oppose7. Loud noises can be
3、irritating （分数：1.00）A.confusingB.interestingC.stimulatingD.annoying8.That player is eternally arguing with the referee （分数：1.00）A.desperatelyB.eventuallyC.constantlyD.extensively9.The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan （分数：1.00）A.unclearB.firmC.shortD.neat10.Gambling is lawful in N
4、evada （分数：1.00）A.popularB.boomingC.legalD.profitable11.These are their motives for doing it （分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans12.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west （分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends13.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs （分数：1.00）A.abuseB.fl
5、avorC.temptationD.consumption14.These programmes are of immense value to old people （分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous15.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation （分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect二、第 2 部分：阅读判断 (第 1622 题，每(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Breakfast Studies show that children
6、 who eat breakfast do better in sch001It doesnt take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as wellWhether you work at home，on the farm，at the office，at school，or on the road，it is not a good idea to skip(故意略去)breakfast If we dont eat breakfast，we are
7、 likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuelBy mid-morning，a lot of us grab a cup of coffee，or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up againThis might work for a few minutes，but by 1unchtime we are hungry，bad-tempered，and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to m
8、ake unhealthy choices at 1unchEating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weightMany people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals，but that isnt a good ideaThe body expects to be refueled a few
9、times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast A healthy breakfast should contain some protein(蛋白质)and some fiber(纤维)Protein can come from meat，eggs，beans，or soy(大豆)Fiber can be found in whole cereals(谷物)，grains or in fruits A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard
10、 boiled egg，an orange，and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk （分数：7.00）(1).Adults who eat breakfast will perform better at work （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2). It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Men are more likely to skip brea
11、kfast than women （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4). A person who skips breakfast is more likely to eat unhealthily at lunch （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Skipping breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).A simple breakfast cannot be
12、 a healthy breakfast （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7). People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第 23(总题数：2，分数：8.00)The Drink Your Body Needs Most 1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60to 70waterBlood is mostly waterand ou
13、r muscles，lungs，and brain all contain a lot of waterWater is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients(滋养物)to travel to a11 our organsWater also transports oxygen to our cells，removes waste，and protects our joints and organs 2 We lose water through urination(排尿)，resp
14、iration(呼吸)，and by sweatingIf you are very active，you lose more water than if you do not take much exerciseSymptoms of mild dehydration(脱水)include chronic pains in joints and muscles，lower back pain，headaches，and constipation(便秘)A strong smell to your urine，along with a yellow color indicates that y
15、ou are not getting enough waterThirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact，you need water long before you feel thirsty 3 A good rule of thumb(好的做法)is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in halfThat gives you the number of ounces(盎司)of water per day that you needFor ex
16、ample，if you weigh 160 pounds，you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per dayIf you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active If you drink coffee or alcohol，you should add at least an equal amount of waterWhen you are traveling on an airplane，i
17、t is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane 4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working，traveling，or exercisingIf you get bored with plain water,add a
18、 bit of lemon for a touch of flavorThere are some brands of flavored water available，but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont need 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ A Ounces of Water Needed Per Day B Importance of Water C Composition of Water D
19、 Signs of Dehydration E Supply of Water F Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for Water with Yon （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.27 One cannot 1ive_ 28 Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water_ 29 The amount of water your body needs per day is closely related_ 30 Dont forget to
20、 drink enough water even_ A in your body B without water C before long D for a change E on a busy day F to your weight （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.E.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Exercise Lowers EmployersHealth Costs Companies can save millions in health-care costs si
21、mply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit，researchers reported on Friday They said obese(肥胖的)employees had higher health-care costs，but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week-without even losing any weight Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of
22、 Michigan studied 23，500 workers at General Motors They estimated that getting the most sedentary(惯于久坐的)obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790，000 a year，or about 15 percent of health-care costs for the whole group. Company-widethe potential savings could reach$7 1 million per year，the
23、y reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Of the whole group of workersabout 30 percent were of normal weight，45 percent were overweight(超重的)，and 25 percent were obeseAnnual health-care costs averaged$2，200 for normal weight，$2，400 for the overweight，and$2，700 for obese em
24、ployees But among workers who did no exercise，health-care costs went up by at least$100 a year，and were$3000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary But adding two or more days of light exerciseat least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathinglowered cost
25、s by on average$500 per employee a year，the researchers found. “This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful effects of excess body fat，and in consequence，help lower the health-care costs，“Wang and colleagues wrote （分数：15.00）(1). How can employees help low
26、er the health-care costs? （分数：3.00）A.By taking more restB.By eating lessC.By exercising a little bitD.By saving more money(2).By encouraging its employees to exercise General Motors could save （分数：3.00）A.$790，000 per yearB.$7.1 million per yearC.$3,000per yearD.$7,300 per year(3).How many workers in
27、 General Motors were NOT of normal weight? （分数：3.00）A.Seventy percentB.Thirty percentC.Forty-five percentD.Twenty-five percent(4).For which group of the workers were the health-care costs the highest? （分数：3.00）A.The employees of normal weightB.The overweight employeesC.The obese employeesD.The seden
28、tary obese employees(5).How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs? （分数：3.00）A.At least seven days a weekB.At least twenty minutes a weekC.At least twice a weekD.At least once a week第二篇 Medical Education In 18thcentury colonial America，those who wanted to become phys
29、icians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London，Parisand EdinburghMedicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania，beginning in 1765，and in 1767 at Kings College(now Columbia Uni
30、versity)，the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicineFollowing the American Revolution，the Columbia medical faculty(formerly of KingS College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons，chartered in 1809，which survives as a division of Columbia Univers
31、ity In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospitalThe growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went toget
32、her with the development of proprietary(私营的)schools of medicine run for personal profitmost of which had 10W standards and poor facilities In 1910 Abraham Flexner. the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada，exposing the poor conditions of most proprietar
33、y schools Subsequently the American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American Medical Colleges(AAMC)1aid down standards for course content，qualifications of teachers，laboratory facilities，connection with teaching hospitals，and licensing of medical practitioners(开业医师)that survive to thi
34、s dayBy the late 1980s the US and Canada had 142 4year medical colleges recognized bv the Liaison(联络 1 Committee on Medical Education to offer che MDdegree；during the 1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11，752 men and 5，958 women were graduatedGr
35、aduates，after a year of internship(实习期)，receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners （分数：15.00）(1). In 18th-century Americahigher institutions of learning that taught medicine （分数：3.00）A.did not existB.were few i
36、n numberC.were better than those in EuropeD.were known for their teaching hospitals(2).Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America （分数：3.00）A.had established professionalsB.had good facilitiesC.had high standardsD.were in poor conditions(3).The AMA and AAMC established standards SO as
37、t0 （分数：3.00）A.recruit more studentsB.set up more schools of medicineC.ensure the quality of medical teaching and practiceD.prevent medical schools from making huge profits(4).After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice （分数：3.00）A.if they have worked in a laboratoryB.if they ha
38、ve studied abroad for some timeC.if they have obtained an MD degreeD.if they have passed an examination(5).This passage is mainly about （分数：3.00）A.how medicine is taught in AmericaB.how medical education has developed in AmericaC.how the American educational system worksD.how one can become a good d
39、octor第三篇 More Than a Ride to School The National Education Association claims,“The school bus is a mirror of the community“ They further add that，unfortunately，what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen communityThey are right-sometimes it reflects more!Just ask Lie
40、sl DensonRiding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl Bruce Hardy,school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence，she requested to ride the same
41、busThis year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the busShe says，It s been a great ride so far!My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listenerSometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is importantMrHardy always listens
42、 to what you have to say and makes you feel important“Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus CompanyLarry Althouse，president of the company acknowledges Bruce
43、 Hardys outstanding record：You do not come by employees like Brute these daysHe has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350，000 accident free miles Hardys reputation is made further evident throu
44、gh the relationships he has made with the studentsthat ride his bus Althouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever sinceMy grandfather started the business with one busAlthouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunit
45、y to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come“ Three generotions of business is not all the company has enjoyedThanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy,they have been building relationships t
46、hrough generationsLiesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District. （分数：15.00）(1).The word“mirrorin the first line could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.“vehicle“B.“device“C.“need“D.“reflection“(2). Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus
47、 Company （分数：3.00）A.for 30 yearsB.for70 yearsC.since last yearD.since 2000(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? （分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengersB.He has never missed a day of workC.He is an impatient personD.He has driven 350，000 accident free miles(4).Althous
48、e Bus Company was founded by （分数：3.00）A.Larry AlthouseB.AlthouseS grandfatherC.LieslS motheLD.Ashley Batista(5). Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to （分数：3.00）A.employing young driversB.running quality schoolsC.providing free driving lessonsD.building sound relationships五、第 5 部分：补全短文(第 4650 题
49、，每题(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every Dog Has Its Say Kimiko Fukuda，a Japanese girl，always wondered what her dog was trying to say Whenever she put on makeup，it would pull at her sleeve_(46)When the dog barks，she glances at a small electronic gadget(装置)The following“human“translation appears on its screen：“Please take me with you. I realized thats how he w
