1、职称英语卫生类 B 级真题 2003 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. （分数：1.00）A.influenceB.forceC.surpriseD.power2.Can you follow the plot? （分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.understandD.write3.Even in a highly
2、 modernized country, manual work is still needed. （分数：1.00）A.mentalB.physicalC.naturalD.hard4. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. （分数：1.00）A.judgmentB.resultC.decisionD.event5.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions. （分数：1.00）A.beliefsB.statementsC.suggestionsD.claims6.Up t
3、o now, the work has been easy. （分数：1.00）A.SoB.So longC.So farD.So that7. The report advocated setting up day training colleges. （分数：1.00）A.supposedB.excitedC.discussedD.suggested8.Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed. （分数：1.00）A.AfterwardsB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Furthermore9.The o
4、utlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. （分数：1.00）A.sightB.viewC.lookD.point10. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. （分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.closelyD.carefully11.The union representative put across her argument very effectively. （分数：1.00）A.inventedB.explainedC.consideredD.a
5、ccepted12. He talks tough but has a tender heart. （分数：1.00）A.heavyB.strongC.wildD.kind13.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy （分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.expectingD.discussing14.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. （分数：1.00）A.wasteB.buyC.sellD.
6、use15. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. （分数：1.00）A.functionB.abilityC.volumeD.power二、第 2 部分： 阅读判断（第 1622 题，每(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes whic
7、h can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer. A team at the California-based Salk Institute, on
8、e of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from canc
9、ers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”. The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the
10、 past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed. Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly.
11、 In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally. Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task a
12、nd progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patien
13、ts bodies. （分数：7.00）(1). FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2). The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the de
14、adly genes have been removed. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5). Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention
15、ed(6). It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23 (总题数：1，分数：8.00)Friendly Relatio
16、ns with the People Around You depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness （归属）that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them, a person who shows that he w
17、ants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf. The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will b
18、e people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them. Suppose you are in a cr
19、owd watching a football game. You dont know them. when the game is over, you will go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win. An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索) to what c
20、ompanionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companionships become friends when these ties are formed. When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance(熟人),you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you wi
21、ll be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people. 23. Paragraph 2_. 24. Paragraph 3_. 25. Paragraph 4_. 26. Paragraph 5_. A. Close link between companionship and belongingness B. How to satisfy other peoples needs C. An example of a satisfying relationship D. Difficulties
22、in establishing friendships E. What companionship really is F. Making friends with new acquaintances 27. If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be_. 28. The warm feelings of belongingness may give you _. 29. The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you _. 30.
23、You will find it hard to make friends with people _. A. sad and lonely B. emotionally health C. without real love for them D. a sense of security E. a lonely wolf F. without pity （分数：8.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第
24、一篇 Giving Up Smoking A number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine(尼古丁) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive(粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream. Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced an
25、d eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed. The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoking and easily admission to social activities and institutions that
26、 ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim. The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The
27、 rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark. In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulat
28、ion of a warming on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read:“Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.”In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and t
29、elevision, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces. （分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following can help a person quit smoking? （分数：3.00）A.Using nicotine patches.B.Reading cigarette advertisements.C.Chewing ordinary gum.D.Participating in social activ
30、ities.(2).Nicotine gum is used to help a smoker （分数：3.00）A.stop smokingB.reduce weightC.clean his teethD.absorb nicotine immediately(3).The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPT （分数：3.00）A.the reduction of expenses.B.the formation of a good habit.C.the reduction of harm to o
31、nes health.D.easier access to institutions that ban smoking.(4). Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful? （分数：3.00）A.Consuming alcohol.B.Using heroin.C.Smoking cigarettes.D.Taking cocaine.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking? （分数：3.00）A
32、.Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.B.Forbidding smoking in all public places.C.Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV.D.Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.第二篇 Effects of Exercise on Elderly Diabetics(糖尿病人) Most older people with so-called type II diabetes(糖尿病) could stop tak
33、ing insulin(胰岛素) if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just there times a week , according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper, Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed that
34、physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication(药物治疗) today. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II diabetes, all more than 60 years of age,
35、exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked. Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrate
36、d that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both group. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the p
37、oint at which they have to begin taking insulin,” Dela said. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas(胰腺) , controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes. Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the
38、activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise. Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added. （分数：15.00）(1).What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type II diabe
39、tes? （分数：3.00）A.It can worsen their symptoms.B.It can help the body make better use of insulin.C.It can help them to eat more.D.It can cure them of the disease.(2).The exercise that the researchers tried on their test subjects was （分数：3.00）A.cycling six times a week for three months.B.walking briskl
40、y for thirty minutes three times a week.C.swimming twice a day.D.running once a day.(3).The researchers checked how well the test subjects insulin worked by measuring （分数：3.00）A.the blood sugar level in their bodies.B.the length of time they could cycle in one breath.C.the amount of sugar their musc
41、les could make use of.D.the amount of insulin they took.(4).It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwise （分数：3.00）A.their symptoms will get worse.B.the blood sugar level will go up.C.their condition will be out of control.D.the desired effect cannot be achieved.(5).I
42、t can be seen from the passage that most diabetics are ignorant of （分数：3.00）A.the significance of regular exercise.B.the necessity of watching their diet.C.the need to control their weight.D.the consequences of taking too much insulin.第三篇 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden
43、illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway（气道）,and breathing , in minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition form turning worse and provide relief from pain. Fi
44、rst aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an em
45、ergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal(脊柱的) injury and paralysis(瘫痪). Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for pro
46、fessional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess, the scene, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that ma
47、y have already been given ,and preexisting conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet(手镯)or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the vi
48、ctim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym(首字母缩写词)ABC, which stands for: A-Airway: Is it open and clear? B-Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and fee
49、l for breathing. C-Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems. （分数：15.00）(1).First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT （分数：3.00）A.saving a victims life.B.preventing a victims condition from getting worse.C.relieving a victim from pain.D.helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury(2). Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us （分数：3.00）A.to make sure what to do and what not to doB.
