1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 86 及答案解析(总分：99.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：14，分数：14.50)1.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial characteristic .（分数：1.00）A.markB.featureC.traceD.appearance2.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated .（分数：1.00）A.resumedB.put an end toC.suspended
2、D.re-scheduled3.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.（分数：1.00）A.goodB.specialC.privateD.general4.Her life is becoming more diverse .（分数：1.50）A.generousB.humorousC.variedD.romantic5.The scientists began to accumulate data.（分数：1.00）A.collectB.handleC.analyzeD.investigate6.Many people thin
3、k that she takes after her father.（分数：1.00）A.supportsB.resemblesC.caresD.looks for7.She shows little regard for the feelings of others and does exactly what she wants to.（分数：1.00）A.feelingB.loveC.considerationD.sense8.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wond
4、erful articles in the market.（分数：1.00）A.batteriesB.bargainsC.basketsD.barrels9.“I didn“t mean to upset you,“ he said mildly .（分数：1.00）A.shylyB.gentlyC.weaklyD.sweetly10.This text is too difficult to comprehend.（分数：1.00）A.understandB.digestC.summarizeD.read11.A ballet is theatrical entertainment that
5、 combines the arts of dancing, stage design, and music.（分数：1.00）A.replacesB.promotesC.simplifiesD.blends12.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical13.The mountains look glorious at sunrise.（分数：1.00）A
6、.invitingB.magnificentC.appealingD.pleasing14.We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.（分数：1.00）A.adviseB.forceC.commandD.encourage二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Most Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of U.S. adults have a less than 10-percent risk of devel
7、oping heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary hea
8、rt disease is distributed in the U.S. population,“ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third Nationa
9、l Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with adva
10、ncing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman,
11、from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.（分数：7.00）(1).The 10-year ri
12、sk of heart disease is low for most U.S. adults.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only 3 percent of U.S. adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than 100 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong
13、C.Not mentioned(4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than you
14、nger people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The U.S. government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ginseng Shows Benefits in Cancer TreatmentFlaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, wh
15、ile ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, U.S. researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine. The studies reflect doctor“s efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely
16、taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $36 billion and $46 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing an
17、y good or any harm,“ said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evalua
18、ted the seed“s role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. “The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,“ said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president elect of ASCO. “I think this is
19、 fascinating.“ Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. “We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,“ said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke“s School of Nursing, who led the study. Half of the men in the study added 30 g
20、rams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer ceils in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group. But Wendy Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed.
21、“It“s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,“ she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer. In the ginseng
22、trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different doses of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taki
23、ng a 2,000mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better“ or “much better“. Only 10 percent of those taking a 750mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform po
24、tency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldn“t have predicted this, I have to admit,“ Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this in a large scale.“ The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by U.S. Public He
25、alth Service grants. AThe Motivation of Flaxseed Study BThe Study on Ginseng Displays Its Good Promise CThe Doctor“s Responsibilities Led them to Carry Out These Two Studies DGinseng Is as Good to Cancer Patients as Flaxseed EThe Methods and Results of the Study on Flaxseed FA Different Opinion on t
26、he Use of Flaxseed（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).Athat led the researchers in Duke“s School of Nursing to study it Bby giving different doses of the herb to patients with different cancers Cwhether the foods and su
27、pplements patients took every day were good or not Dthough both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines Ethat either of them is beneficial to cancer patients Fbecause we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer Doctors in the U.S. wanted to know 1.（分数：1.00）(6).Bot
28、h studies on flaxseed and ginseng show 1.（分数：1.00）(7).It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed 1.（分数：1.00）(8).In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Thirst for OilWorldwide every day, we devour the energy eq
29、uivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet“s surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year, we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and
30、 easier to get. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil. Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover on
31、e quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are still plentiful; its reserves are five times larger than oil“s. Today pet
32、roleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, diesel oil and various other chemical substances, provides around 40% of the world“s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. The U.S. consumes a quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of
33、 greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska“s Arctic National Wildlife Refugel could be a major new U.S. source, to reduce relianc
34、e on foreign imports. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access, others such a
35、s oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal. Since we started using fossil fuels, we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon, and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13. Among other horrors, this would result in the
36、destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice.（分数：15.00）(1).“.we will need to cure our addiction to oil.“ Why does the author say so?（分数：3.00）A.Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.B.Oil supply is increasing all the time.C.Demand for oil is increasing all the time.D.Oil
37、supply is decreasing.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Wood wets the fuel of choice before coal.B.The use of coal is declining.C.Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.D.Coal reserves are plentiful and
38、 will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.(3).Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?（分数：3.00）A.The United States.B.Russia.C.Norway.D.Venezuela.(4).What do experts say about the earth“s fuel reserves?（分数：3.00）A.The earth“s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.B
39、.There will soon be an energy crisis.C.Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.D.Fuel demand will decline.(5).What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Rainforests wii1 be destroyed.B.Arctic ice will be melted.C.The earth“s temperature wi
40、ll be raised.D.The sea level will go up.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Weight of AmericansAmericans still have been gaining weight, although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fa
41、t has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates (碳水化合物) which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively, have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize (新陈代谢) fat than it does to metabolize other foods. But cutting fat from your diet doesn“t necessarily
42、 mean your body won“t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there“s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where t
43、he calories come from, overeating will still cause weight gain. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grains of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn“t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to
44、his coach and revealed he“d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don“t have any fat,“ he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day
45、and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Roils gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group“s yogurt label said “high fat“the other, “low fat“. The “low fat“ yogurt group ate significant
46、ly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they“ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,“ says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don“t compensate very precisely, and they
47、often end up overdoing it.“（分数：15.00）(1).Americans are still gaining weight though reducing the fat intake because _.（分数：3.00）A.they eat regular cookies instead of nonfat onesB.they eat too muchC.they eat too much sugarD.they eat low-fat crackers, soups(2).What lesson did the computer programmer lea
48、rn?（分数：3.00）A.Overeating will cause weight gain.B.He can eat half a pound of jelly beans a day.C.He didn“t eat any fat.D.His coach gave him a lecture.(3).Professor Barbara“s experiment proved that _.（分数：3.00）A.two groups ate the same amount of caloriesB.two groups ate the same amount of yogurtC.the
49、“low fat“ yogurt group ate less calories later than the other groupD.people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain weight(4).Which of the following contains more calories?（分数：3.00）A.Fat.B.Protein and carbohydrates.C.Amino acids.D.Sugar.(5).What can be inferred from the text?（分数：3.00）A.To avoid being overweight, people have to eat nonfat food.B.Nonfat and regular food have no difference in calories.C.We can eat nonfat food as much as we like.D.Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dangers A
