1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 84 及答案解析(总分：102.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：17.50)1.In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.（分数：1.00）A.confusesB.excitesC.scaresD.diverts2.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB
2、.soilC.climateD.harvest3.The revelation of his past led to his resignation.（分数：1.00）A.imaginationB.disclosureC.confirmationD.recall4.America“s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.endangeredC.endorsedD.enlarged5.It is difficult t
3、o assess the importance of the decision.（分数：1.00）A.evaluateB.commentC.discussD.report6.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.（分数：1.00）A.inventedB.explainedC.consideredD.accepted7.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.interestin
4、g8.In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.（分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.accountC.mindD.brain9.I have been trying to quit smoking.（分数：2.00）A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up10.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle .（分数：1.00）A.mys
5、teryB.factC.statementD.game11.If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.（分数：1.50）A.directB.stopC.mixD.avoid12.The history of the exploration of Antarctica recounts many tales of perseverance and suffering.（分数：1.00）A.enduranceB.skillC.generosityD.disturbance13.Dating from around A. D. 1000, the lar
6、gest mound surviving from the Mississippian culture was one hundred feet high and had a base of nearly fifteen acres.（分数：1.00）A.civilizationB.formationC.sectD.edifice14.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.（分数：2.00）A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability15.The once barr
7、en hillsides are now good farmland.（分数：1.00）A.hairlessB.bareC.emptyD.bald二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Travel across AfricaFor six hours we shot through the barren (荒芜的) landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just
8、 wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I“d bought in a market in Mozambique. Southern Africa was full of stories and visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The ro
9、aring of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometer from clean water. As we drove towards the setting sun, the quietness fell over us. The road was emp
10、tywe hadn“t seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye. Something was moving close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn“t know how long they had been there next to us. I shouted to Dan: Look! He was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. Th
11、ey raced the car for a few seconds, and then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened. “Wild horses?“ he said. Why didn“t you wake me up, Sophia? I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds. Are you s
12、ure you didn“t dream it? You were the one who was sleeping! “Typical.“ he said. The best photos are the ones we never take. We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.（分数：7.00）(1).Daniel and Sophia drove slowly through the busy desert.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Soph
13、ia wrote about her experiences in notebooks.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Daniel took photos of the Nile River.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Daniel and Sophia saw a lot of wonderful things.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not menuoned(5).While driving Daniel and Sophia saw wild horse
14、s.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The horses didn“t come near the car.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Sophia woke Daniel up so that he could take photos of the horses.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis1. W
15、hen I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time, however, I developed some pointers (点子), which I hope will help others. 2. During the first few weeks of emotional “aftershocks“ (余悸) from the diagnosis, I found myself unable to utter t
16、he word “cancer“. Still, I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I“d had a biopsy (活组织检查) and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them, I said, “What we feared has happen
17、ed.“ They immediately knew what I meant. 3. Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people “I was diagnosed with cancer“ instead of saying “I have cancer.“ On some deep level, I don“t want to “own“ this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your news
18、. And keep in mind that there is no one “right“ way of doing this. 4. Most people, after hearing your announcement, will be curious about the next step. They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy (诊疗) and/or chemotherapy (化疗). They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. An
19、swer their questions as best you can, but keep in mind that “I don“t know right now“ or “I“m still in too much shock to think about that“ are good answers. 5. Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don“t overwhelm (使不知所措) very young childr
20、en with too much information. Assure them that, even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word “cancer“, so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to tre
21、at your illness.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragragh 2 1 A. Break the news as calmly as possible to children B. Break the news at your own pace C. Share the good news with your friends D. Choose language that suits you E. Follow your doctor“s advice F. Be prepared for people“s curiosity（分数：1.00）(2).Paragragh 3 1（
22、分数：1.00）(3).Paragragh 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragragh 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).You can break the news about your diagnosis without saying 1. A. your own choice of words B. the word “cancer“ C. the positive steps D. about the next step E. on too many answers F. with too much information（分数：1.00）(6).When breaking th
23、e news about your diagnosis, you can have 1.（分数：1.00）(7).After hearing about your diagnosis, people will ask questions 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Very young children won“t feel comfortable 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New US Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take resp
24、onsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病). The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseasesthe l
25、eading causes of death in the United Statesand outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise. “In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,“ the Health
26、and Human Services Department said in a statement. The causes are often behavioralsmoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. “I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,“ Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
27、 “Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.“ Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003. “These leading causes of death f
28、or men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,“ he said. The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk mo
29、re. Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes. The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can
30、 do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening. The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests (巴氏试验) for cervical cancer (宫颈癌), mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查), and prostate (前列腺的) checks. If such cancers wer
31、e all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?（分数：3.00）A.They account for 70% of all deaths.B.They are responsible for most of the health care costs.C.They
32、 often result in unhealthy lifestyles.D.They are largely preventable.(2).The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.better dietB.increased exerciseC.less smokingD.more frequent hand washing(3).The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevent
33、ion will mean _.（分数：3.00）A.greater responsibility of the governmentB.less need for input into treatmentC.higher costs of health careD.more lifestyle choices for people(4).The purpose of the $15 million program is to _.（分数：3.00）A.promote disease preventionB.build more highwaysC.help poor communitiesD
34、.wipe out chronic diseases(5).Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly _.（分数：3.00）A.the death rates for all chronic diseasesB.the kinds of cancer attacking peopleC.the incidence rate for cancerD.the death rate for cancer六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Drug Resistance Fades Quickly in Key Aids DrugO
35、ne of the main weapons to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus during birth is the drug nevirapine. But when nevirapine is used alone just once, HIV starts becoming resistant to it. Research in Botswana shows that the resistance is not long lasting and that this affordable drug doe
36、s not have to be abandoned forever by infected mothers who have already taken it. International medical guidelines call for pregnant women with advanced HIV to get a combination of AIDS drugs including nevirapine to prevent passing their infection on to their newborns during delivery. But in poor co
37、untries, combinations have been expensive and nevirapine has often been used alone, since studies have shown that a single dose can cut the transmission rate in half. The problem is that HIV resistance builds against it quickly when used alone just once because other drugs are not present to kill th
38、e virus particles that survive nevirapine. This renders the drug less effective in later combinations for treating women after their baby is born. But the new study from Botswana shows that nevirapine can make a comeback for these women if they wait until the resistance subsides. “The further out yo
39、u get from that exposure to single dose nevirapine, the less detectable nevirapine resistance is,“ said Shahin Lockman of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. She says waiting period for women who get the single dose of nevirapine at delivery can be as short as six months. “If they started
40、 nevirapine-based treatment six or more months after nevirapine exposure, their treatment response was just as good, and really quite high, compared to women who did not have the single dose of nevirapine,“ she added. “However, the women who started nevirapine-based treatment within six months of th
41、at nevirapine exposure were much more likely to experience treatment failure.“ The study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that waiting at least six months means that HIV-positive women are 70 percent more likely to benefit from nevirapine-based drug combinations again than wome
42、n who get them sooner. An official with the US government health agency that helped fund the study calls it very important. Iynne Mofenson is chief of research on child, adolescent, and maternal AIDS at the US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. She says the finding supports a
43、World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation restricting a single dose of nevirapine only to pregnant HIV-infected women who are healthy enough to wait six months after childbirth for more nevirapine-based therapy. Otherwise, they should get other drugs during labor. “It shows the importance of sc
44、reening women for treatment while they are pregnant and putting them on appropriate therapy while they are pregnant to avoid having to start them too soon after they received preventive therapy,“ she explained. Shahin Lockman in Boston says the problem of nevirapine resistance should diminish now th
45、at more and more people are receiving combinations of AIDS drugs under expanded US and international programs to deliver them to Africa and other regions hard hit by the virus.（分数：15.00）(1).What effect does nevirapine have?（分数：3.00）A.It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and kills all kinds of bacteria.
46、B.It is an antiviral preparation and kills all kinds of viruses.C.It prevents the transmission of the AIDS virus and protects one from heart attack.D.It may prevent passing HIV infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.(2).Why does HIV resistance against nevirapine build very quick
47、ly even when the drug is used alone just once?（分数：3.00）A.Because the drug is not strong enough to kill all of the HIV in the body.B.Because there may not be a susceptibility test before using the drug.C.Because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine.D.Because
48、 there are too many mutations of HIV for nevirapine to deal with.(3).When may a woman start her nevirapine-based treatment if she gets the single dose of nevirapine at delivery?（分数：3.00）A.She may start nevirapine-based treatment soon after her delivery.B.She may start nevirapine-based treatment with
49、in six months after her delivery.C.She has to wait at least six months after that nevirapine exposure.D.She may wait several years so as to achieve the best effect.(4).We may learn from this passage that HIV resistance against nevirapine _.（分数：3.00）A.lasts only for about a half year and fades quicklyB.will last forever in a woman who took nevirapineC.is a terrible drug that must he banned at onceD.is a problem too difficult to be solved(5).Generally speaking, the author“s attitude towards the use of nevirapine is _.（分数：3.00）A.negativeB.positiveC.uncertainD.dou
