1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 82 及答案解析(总分：101.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：16.50)1.You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.establishC.acquireD.support2.The room is dim and quiet.（分数：1.00）A.tinyB.pleasantC.darkD.agreeable3.They thought his behavior was abnormal .（分数：
2、1.00）A.badB.frighteningC.repeatedD.unusual4.Most people find rejection hard to accept.（分数：1.00）A.refusalB.excuseC.clientD.destiny5.Do you follow what I am saying?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand6.Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.（分数：1.00）A.disruptB.diagnose
3、C.evaporateD.cure7.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous8.If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.correct9.The dentist has decided to take out the girl“s bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.digB.drawC.pullD.extrac
4、t10.His idea to solve the problem is really original .（分数：1.00）A.creativeB.greatC.practicalD.perfect11.“I didn“t mean to upset you,“ he said mildly .（分数：1.00）A.shylyB.gentlyC.weaklyD.sweetly12.Mary said mildly that she was just curious.（分数：1.00）A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.wildly13.The reason for their
5、unusual behavior remains a puzzle .（分数：2.00）A.factB.mysteryC.statementD.game14.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publicity15.The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.（分数：1.50）A.caughtB.killed
6、C.foundD.jailed二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart AttackGerman researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators (除颤器) and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest (心脏骤停). In Ge
7、rmany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart“s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-
8、threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker. Heart specialists at Freiburg“s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable
9、of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending (潜在的) heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Appl
10、ied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed a new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data more precise. The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only take
11、 into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,“ Hagen Knaf says. “In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patien
12、ts taken into account.“ An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.（分数：7.00）(1).A new type of defibrillators can be used to prevent car
13、diovascular diseases.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Cardiac arrest is caused mostly by disruption to the heart“s rhythm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Defibrillators are useful in curing patients constantly under the threat of heart attack.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
14、(4).The new computer software is designed by a German Company.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The non-linear process has taken into account the individual variations in patients.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The early-warning software is unique in its data collection.（分数：1.00）A
15、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The researchers proved the validity of the new software via ECG data of an old study.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Parkinson“s Disease1. Parkinson“s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with cert
16、ain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson“s, these nerve cells break down.
17、Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the en
18、vironment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson“s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3. Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, n
19、ot everyone with a tremor has Parkinson“s disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson“s affects muscles a
20、ll through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson“s may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia). 4. At this
21、 time, there is no cure for Parkinson“s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in
22、 the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Tips for Patients with the Disease B. Common Treatment for the Disease C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease D.
23、Typical Symptoms of the Disease E. Possible Causes of the Disease F. Definition of Parkinson“s Disease（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).You“ll find it hard to move the way you want to 1. A. if there isn“t enough dopamine in your body B. what a
24、ffects muscles all through your body C. which cannot be cured yet D. if you have a fixed or blank expression E. which may be the first symptom you notice F. what causes Parkinson“s disease（分数：1.00）(6).A lot of research is being done to find out 1.（分数：1.00）(7).One of the most common signs of Parkinso
25、n“s is tremor 1.（分数：1.00）(8).A person with Parkinson“s has to learn to live with the disease, 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Look After Your VoiceOften speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the s
26、aliva in you mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or, press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice. Before you begin your talk, be kind to yo
27、ur voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keen your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice. If you sense that you are losing your voice, stop talking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, b
28、ut the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice. What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The proble
29、m with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until you finish speaking
30、. Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools, said, “We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter.“ Take this message to heart and give yoursel
31、f time to develop your new habits. If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.（分数：15.00）(1).All the following are mentioned in the passage about how to solve the problem of dry mouths EXCEPT _.（分数：3.0
32、0）A.to bite the edges of your tongueB.to ask for a glass of waterC.to imagine you are having a sour fruitD.to take cool milk(2).What does the writer suggest when you feel you are losing your voice?（分数：3.00）A.Rest your voice.B.Drink some alcohol.C.Ask a singer to teach you how to protect your voice.D
33、.Never go to see a doctor.(3).What is the writer“s advice about alcohol before you give a speech?（分数：3.00）A.Drink a little of it to feel all-powerful.B.Don“t drink it.C.Dilute it with water.D.Drink it two hours before you make a speech.(4).What did Goethe say about skating and swimming?（分数：3.00）A.He
34、 said people could learn to skate when it was hot and swim when it was cold.B.He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was hot.C.He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was cold.D.He said people could learn to skate when it was cold and swim when it was hot.(5).Why does the
35、writer cite Goethe“s advice?（分数：3.00）A.To encourage one to go in for sports.B.To tell that Goethe had a strong willpower.C.To prove one can change one“s habits.D.To demonstrate Goethe was creative.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A TripEvery year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans
36、 and heading off to experience the “classic European holiday“. The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often be
37、yond. There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passageas well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europe“s food and wine, it “s relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs. There
38、is just one problem. As the Kombis become “antique“, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle, in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedul
39、es to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the “real“ locals live, freedom to not have to book accommodation in advanceyou can nearly always get a campsite and can load your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bon
40、uses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealand“s cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving a
41、round Europe. As copilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs and keep the music playing. Language is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic and elaborate one-way systems
42、 and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work. It can be easier to leave the vehicle on the outskirts of town or in a camping ground and use public transport. This also avoids paying for costly parking.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, the trip usually starts in _.
43、（分数：3.00）A.FranceB.EnglandC.SpainD.Italy(2).The word “ Kombi “ in Paragraph 1 most probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.the name of the tripB.the friend going with youC.the brand of the vanD.the name of a hotel(3).In the sentence “it“s relatively inexpensive.“ (Paragraph 2), “ it “ most probably refers _.（分数
44、：3.00）A.the tripB.the transportationC.the accommodationD.the food and wine(4).What is the biggest trouble?（分数：3.00）A.The Kombis become too old.B.Language.C.People may not enjoy the driving experience.D.Finding one“s destination is hard for the busy traffic in cities.(5).What is the nationality of th
45、e target readers?（分数：3.00）A.New Zealand.B.England.C.France.D.Spain.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the bra
46、in hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., before falling again. “It“s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Manrice Ohayon
47、of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body“s levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers sl
48、ept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an hour to drop offtwice as long as usualand jigged around in t
49、wice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decal drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine , the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee
