1、职称英语卫生类 B级模拟 77及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Loud noises can be annoying .（分数：1.00）A.hatefulB.painfulC.horrifyingD.irritating2.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.（分数：1.00）A.sufficie
2、ntlyB.noticeablyC.intentionallyD.absolutely3.His description was pretty vague .（分数：1.00）A.impreciseB.conciseC.unpolishedD.elementary4.The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning.（分数：1.00）A.top of the mountainB.bottom of the mountainC.starting pointD.site5.The latest census is encouraging
3、.（分数：1.00）A.countB.statementC.agreementD.estimate6.Academic records from other institutions often become part of a university“s official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated .（分数：1.00）A.borrowedB.purchasedC.copiedD.rewritten7.Chemical weapons are banned internationally.（分数：1.
4、00）A.listedB.forbidedC.handledD.investigated8.Online gambling is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.legalB.irresistibleC.enjoyableD.profitable9.They always mock me because I am ugly.（分数：1.00）A.smile atB.look down onC.belittleD.laugh at10.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argumentsC.tar
5、getsD.stimulus11.Many students were absent, notably the monitor.（分数：1.00）A.noticeablyB.remarkablyC.particularlyD.significantly12.Don“t omit this paragraph when you write your report.（分数：1.00）A.forgetB.failC.deleteD.leave out13.Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatmen
6、t.（分数：1.00）A.acceptableB.conservativeC.westernD.conventional14.Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous .（分数：1.00）A.unheard ofB.unacceptableC.unbelievableD.ridiculous15.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endangeredD.rescued二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mode
7、rate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries. “It felt as i
8、f the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,“ said the woman. The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel. Witnesses said cracks
9、appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. “I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me,“ said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London. “I then heard
10、the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down.“ There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 200
11、2 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham. The country“s strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen seve
12、ral of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction
13、, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.（分数：7.00）(1).During the April 28 earthquake, the whole Eng
14、land was left without power.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not men
15、tioned(4).France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The country“s strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Musson predicted that anoth
16、er earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much
17、 of a Good Thing1. Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to hav
18、e more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night“s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. 3. These findings,
19、which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine , demonstrate that people who want to get a good night“s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the
20、 amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of d
21、ying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking
22、 in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fail back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people w
23、ho slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,
24、then they“ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,“ he said.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Kripke“s Research Tool B. Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep C. Criticism on Kripke“s Report D. A Way of Overcoming Insomnia E. Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers F. Classification of Sleep Proble
25、ms（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).To get a good night“s rest, people may not need to 1. A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems
26、 F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：1.00）(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).One survey showed that people who habitually 1 each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(
27、总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it wa
28、s more severe and had a larger impact on their health. From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them. The research team intervi
29、ewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported str
30、ess 44 percent of the time. “Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health,“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were c
31、onnected with daily stressors and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“ Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic. “If some
32、thing happens every day, maybe it“s not seen as a stressor,“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.“（分数：15.00）(1).Stress level is closely related to _.（分数：3.00）A.family sizeB.social statusC.body weightD.work experience(2).The 1,031 adults were interviewed _.（分数：3.00）A.on a daily basis for 8 daysB.du
33、ring one of eight claysC.all by GrzywaczD.in groups(3).Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?（分数：3.00）A.People without any education.B.People without high school degrees.C.People with high school degrees.D.People with college degrees.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greate
34、r _.（分数：3.00）A.the impact of stress on their health isB.the effect of education on their health isC.the level of their education isD.the degree of their health concern is(5).Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because _.（分数：3.00）A.they don“t want to tell the truthB.they don“t w
35、ant to face the truthC.stress is too common a factor in their lifeD.their stress is more acute六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A TripEvery year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the “classic European holiday“. The trip usually starts in the north of
36、France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond. There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passageas well as seeing all th
37、e fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europe“s food and wine, it“s relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs. There is just one problem. As the Kombis become “antique“, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous ro
38、adside sessions as the van sits idle, in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the “real
39、“ locals live, freedom to not have to book accommodation in advanceyou can nearly always get a campsite and can load your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleas
40、urable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealand“s cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As copilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs a
41、nd keep the music playing. Language is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic and elaborate one-way systems and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work. It can be easier to leave th
42、e vehicle on the outskirts of town or in a camping ground and use public transport. This also avoids paying for costly parking.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, the trip usually starts in _.（分数：3.00）A.FranceB.EnglandC.SpainD.Italy(2).The word “Kombi“ in Paragraph 1 most probably means _.（分数：3.
43、00）A.the name of the tripB.the friend going with youC.the brand of the vanD.the name of a hotel(3).In the sentence “it“s relatively inexpensive.“ (Paragraph 2), “it“ most probably refers _.（分数：3.00）A.the tripB.the transportationC.the accommodationD.the food and wine(4).What is the biggest trouble?（分
44、数：3.00）A.The Kombis become too old.B.Language.C.People may not enjoy the driving experience.D.Finding one“s destination is hard for the busy traffic in cities.(5).What is the nationality of the target readers?（分数：3.00）A.New Zealand.B.England.C.France.D.Spain.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)HackThe first big-na
45、me hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they w
46、ere designed to do. Back then, the word “hacker“ didn“t have the negative connotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead. The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today“s hacker. The motivatio
47、n of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of today“s hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the In
48、ternet. The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vul
49、nerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilitiesphones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesn“t matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable e-mail attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring fire-walls and intrusion detection sys
