1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 74 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He replied that this was absolutely impossible.（分数：1.00）A.statedB.answeredC.saidD.claimed2.This table is strong and durable .（分数：1.00）A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reachingD.eternal3.We“ll do all we can to assist you.（分数：1.
2、00）A.assignB.insistC.amazeD.help4.This is his obligation to take care of the child.（分数：1.00）A.natureB.workC.responsibilityD.right5.The normal price of a ticket for an adult is $230.（分数：1.00）A.ordinaryB.properC.fairD.medium6.There was ample time to get to the airport.（分数：1.00）A.someB.littleC.extraD.e
3、nough7.We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.（分数：1.00）A.adviseB.forceC.commandD.encourage8.His idea to solve the problem is really original .（分数：1.00）A.creativeB.greatC.practicalD.perfect9.She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.（分数：1.00）A.declaresB.assertsC.describ
4、esD.announces10.He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt at ease with him at once.（分数：1.00）A.confidentB.relaxingC.formalD.comfortable11.If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird initiates a set of actions to protect its offspring.（分数：1.00）A.hastensB.triggersC.devisesD.releases12.Th
5、e U. S. faces severe economic problems.（分数：1.00）A.successiveB.severalC.seriousD.slight13.Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness.（分数：1.00）A.firm beliefB.outlookC.false ideaD.vision14.The room is dim and quiet.（分数：1.00）A.tinyB.pleasantC.darkD.agreeable15.The food is
6、 inadequate for ten people.（分数：1.00）A.properB.qualifiedC.insufficientD.rich二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BreakfastStudies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesn“t take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well. Whether y
7、ou work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to skip (故意略去) breakfast. If we don“t eat breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee, or wolf down a sugary candy b
8、ar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunchtime we are hungry, bad-tempered, and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy choices at lunch. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day. People who eat breakfast are generally more
9、 likely to maintain a healthy weight. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals, but that isn“t a good idea. The body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast. A healthy breakfast should contain some protein (蛋白质) and some fiber (纤维). Protei
10、n can come from meat, eggs, beans, or soy (大豆). Fiber can be found in whole cereals (谷物), grains or in fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.（分数：7.00）(1).Adults who eat breakfast will
11、perform better at work.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Men are more likely to skip breakfast than women.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A person who skips breakfast is more likely to eat un
12、healthily at lunch.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Skipping breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).A simple breakfast cannot be a healthy breakfast.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood.
13、（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Facts about Stroke1 Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one. Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation“s third leading cause of death, ranking behind dis
14、eases of the heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States. 2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. It affects the arteries (动脉) leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and
15、nutrients (营养物 ) to the brain is either blocked by a clot (凝块) or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it starts to die. 3 The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow can“t reac
16、h the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body won“t work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it“s likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstru
17、ction (阻塞) and the extent of brain tissue affected. 4 The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can“t control, such as increasing age
18、, family health history, race, and prior stroke. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider“s help. Some of these include: high blood pressure, current smoking, heart disease, and high
19、red blood cell count. 5 A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a ho
20、spital immediately.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Effects of a stroke B. Annual cost of stroke in the U. S. C. Definition and description of a stroke D. Breakthroughs in treatment E. Risk factors of stroke F. Warning signs of a stroke（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Pa
21、ragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).When a stroke occurs, the arteries leading to and within the brain 1. A. suffer from a stroke B. will be affected C. change their lifestyles D. will take place E. occurs at the back of his/her brain F. controls various body functions（分数：1.00）(6).A person“s vision is likely to
22、 be affected if a stroke 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they 1.（分数：1.00）(8).New treatments are now available to people who 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Physical ExerciseDeclaring that physical exercise is one of the most powerful medicine
23、s to help improve our quality of life is not an exaggeration. The World Health Organization expressed the same view in its 2002 World Heath Report, emphasizing that the damage produced by lack of physical activity was equal to the strong probability of serious illness such as heart disease and even
24、some kinds of cancer. Those who have embraced an active lifestyle for years are familiar with the sort of physical and psycho- logical benefits that come from exercise. Nevertheless a lot of people would never think of physical activity as a way of feeling better, simply because they don“t think the
25、y are in need of it, or because they are lazy or maintain that they haven“t got enough time. There are many positive effects that result from physical exercise and they are not only concerned with the physical aspects but also psychological and social ones. Beginning with the physical benefits, phys
26、ical activity improves the life of the heart, burns off fat, lowers high blood pressure, makes tissues more resistant, and increases muscle flexibility and joint mobility. On a psychological level, physical activity helps reduce anxiety and stress by causing tension to disappear and by encouraging u
27、s to have a better sense of ourselves through listening to our bodies during movement. Lastly, seeing ourselves in better health is advantageous socially. The sense of satisfaction thus obtained will result in an increase of self-respect and self-confidence in terms of our ability to interact with o
28、thers. The benefits linked to exercise have also not gone unnoticed in the business world, with more and more companies setting up gyms on-site. Employees“ improved health translates into better performance and reduced costs as well as an increase in people“s satisfaction in the workplace. Physical
29、activity is recommended for all age groups, including children. It is an important growth factor in a child“s education. And for the elderly? There is no doubt that regular physical activity allows greater efficiency in daily life as well as creating more basic independence day by day, including the
30、 possibility of keeping in touch with others and not feeling isolated.（分数：15.00）(1).The writer regards physical exercise as a strong medicine because _.（分数：3.00）A.the WHO holds the viewB.it helps improve the quality of lifeC.the lack of it equals serious illnessD.it enables people to live longer(2).
31、Many people do not engage in physical exercise mainly because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are not aware of its benefitsB.they don“t have the facilitiesC.they don“t think they need itD.they are physically unfit tor it(3).According to the passage, physical exercise can make people _.（分数：3.00）A.stronger and more
32、 intelligentB.more intelligent and more open-mindedC.more open-minded and healthierD.healthier and stronger(4).Physical exercise is socially beneficial because _.（分数：3.00）A.it gives people competitive advantageB.it helps people reduce anxietyC.it enables employees to work better for their companyD.i
33、t makes people confident in dealing with others(5).According to the passage, regular physical exercise can make old people _.（分数：3.00）A.better able to look alter themselvesB.look younger than they really areC.less likely to suffer from diseasesD.more aggressive in their interaction with others六、第二篇(
34、总题数：1，分数：15.00)Weight of AmericansAmericans still have been gaining weight, although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carb
35、ohydrates (碳水化合物) which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively, have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize (新陈代谢) fat than it does to metabolize other foods. But cutting fat from your diet doesn“t necessarily mean your body won“t store fat. For example,
36、between nonfat and regular cookies, there“s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still c
37、ause weight gain. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn“t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he“d been eating half a
38、pound of jelly beans a day. “They don“t have any fat,“ he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsyl
39、vania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group“s yogurt label said “high fat“the other, “low fat“. The “low fat“ yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the othe
40、r group. “People think they“ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,“ says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don“t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it. “（分数：15.00）(1).Ameri
41、cans are still gaining weight though reducing the fat intake because _.（分数：3.00）A.they eat regular cookies instead of nonfat onesB.they eat too muchC.they eat too much sugarD.they eat low-fat crackers, soups(2).What lesson did the computer programmer learn?（分数：3.00）A.Overeating will cause weight gai
42、n.B.He can eat half a pound of jelly beans a day.C.He didn“t eat any fat.D.His coach gave him a lecture.(3).Professor Barbara“s experiment proved that _.（分数：3.00）A.two groups ate the same amount of caloriesB.two groups ate the same amount of yogurtC.the “low fat“ yogurt group ate less calories later
43、 than the other groupD.people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain weight(4).Which of the following contains more calories?（分数：3.00）A.Fat.B.Protein and carbohydrates.C.Amino acids.D.Sugar.(5).What can be inferred from the text?（分数：3.00）A.To avoid being overweight, people have to
44、 eat nonfat food.B.Nonfat and regular food have no difference in calories.C.We can eat nonfat food as much as we like.D.Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the
45、leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, to the body“s cells from the blood. The f
46、ood people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn“t available or doesn“t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels damage the
47、blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some
48、of the other blood vessels begin to “leak“ blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物 ). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones
49、. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye. At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊地) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you“ve had diabetes. Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you
