1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 72 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Many people think that she takes after her father.（分数：1.00）A.supportsB.resemblesC.caresD.looks for2.Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, the first woman admitted to the bar in Kentucky, eventually abandoned her legal career and became
2、a social worker.（分数：1.00）A.supportedB.prosecutedC.gave upD.tired of3.Nashville, Tennessee, boasts some of the finest country music performers in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.playsB.attractsC.recordsD.claims4.A ballet is theatrical entertainment that combines the arts of dancing, stage design, and mu
3、sic.（分数：1.00）A.replacesB.promotesC.simplifiesD.blends5.After seeing some of Louis Kahn“s architectural plans, Jonas Salk asked him to build a laboratory in La Jolla, California.（分数：1.00）A.permittedB.wantedC.requestedD.hired6.After his military defeat in 1865, Robert E. Lee entreated the people of th
4、e South to work for national harmony.（分数：1.00）A.warnedB.urgedC.commandedD.recruited7.Theories of teaching have not been as fully developed as have theories of learning.（分数：1.00）A.thoroughlyB.liberallyC.eagerlyD.properly8.In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insight through the use of s
5、uch devices as questionnaires.（分数：1.00）A.accessB.credibilityC.publicityD.understanding9.The nucleus of the atom is composed of swiftly moving protons and neutrons that are held together by very strong forces.（分数：1.00）A.mixedB.propelledC.poundedD.bound10.On the fourth of July 1776 the Declaration of
6、Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress.（分数：1.00）A.acceptedB.nominatedC.appointedD.recommended11.By conducting experiments on brave volunteers, Walter Reed was able to identify the particular kind of mosquito that carried yellow fever.（分数：1.00）A.thinB.heartyC.curiousD.courageous12.Datin
7、g from around A. D. 1000, the largest mound surviving from the Mississippian culture was one hundred feet high and had a base of nearly fifteen acres.（分数：1.00）A.civilizationB.formationC.sectD.edifice13.Very often bacteria or viruses inhabit the body without causing illness, a condition known as the
8、“carrier state“.（分数：1.00）A.surroundB.repelC.occupyD.devitalize14.Dotting the marshy expanse of the Florida Everglades are little islands known locally as hummocks.（分数：1.00）A.generallyB.to allC.in that areaD.occasionally15.It is not possible for people to remember everthing that they have thought.（分数
9、：1.00）A.recallB.appreciateC.repeatD.discuss二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Engineering EthicsEngineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation, at Texas A smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of country
10、side. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae(水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in river
11、s. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless. Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.（分数：15.00）(1).Man has changed his physical environment with a view to _.（分数：3.00）A.altering the physical features of t
12、he earthB.modifying the face of the planetC.improving his surroundingsD.bettering his way of life(2).According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by _.（分数：3.00）A.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehiclesB.the changes of the environment that technol
13、ogy has brought to manC.the increasing amount of oil that has been producedD.industrial wastes discharged into rivers(3).The ecological balance of the sea is lost when _.（分数：3.00）A.people consume more fish than they used toB.the ecological balance of the river is lostC.large numbers of algae, fish a
14、nd birds are killedD.the production of marine petroleum is increased(4).Who would most probably disagree with conservationists? _.（分数：3.00）A.Industrialists.B.Ecologists.C.Businessmen.D.Environmentalists.(5).The purpose of the writer is _.（分数：3.00）A.to reduce modern technologyB.to improve man“s way o
15、f lifeC.to warn people not to change the natural environmentD.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Who Wants to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it? The good news i
16、s that we may be drawing near to that date. Scientists have already extended the lives of flies, worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could
17、 spend chasing our dreams, spending time with our loved ones, watching our families grow and have families of their own. “Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking, “ says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health. “
18、It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work. “ Longer lives don“t just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. “We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I don“t think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer, “
19、says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan. “The question is “What will we get as a society?“ I suspect it won“t be a better society. “ It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a
20、society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-oldparents, or brothers and
21、 sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation. Working life would also he affected, especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people woul
22、d stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age - skill, wisdom and good judgment. On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same
23、 few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss? Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding a
24、nd educating young people, and more on making life comfortable for the old. And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom, but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking.
25、Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact, they are less enthusiastic about everything. The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advan
26、ces, we need to think about these changes now. “If this could ever happen, then we“d better ask what kind of society we want to get, “ says Daniel Callahan. “We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out. “（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one o
27、f the things that living longer might enable an individual to do? _（分数：3.00）A.Having more education.B.Spending more time with his family.C.Working longer.D.Realizing more dreams.(2).Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph? _（分数：3.00）A.More and more people in the US today want to get
28、 married.B.Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.C.If people live longer, they would stay in marriage longer.D.Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.(3).All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）
29、A.More money would be used by employees in payment of their employeesB.Communication between employers and employees would be more difficultC.It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positionsD.The job market Would be more competitive(4).An important feature of a society in
30、which people live a long life is that _（分数：3.00）A.it is both wise and energeticB.it places more emphasis on educating the youngC.it welcomes changesD.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new(5).Which of the following best describes Callahan“s attitude to anti-ageing technology? _（分数：3.00）A.P
31、essimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Negative.D.Reserved.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)SleeplessnessInsomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who
32、 are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesn“t it may be, or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or mos
33、t nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you“re not having night sweats then it“s time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified
34、health care provider. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them, there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working, and pain. In up to 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of th
35、ese people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed a
36、t changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are:Go to bed only when sleepy.Do not wait up to a specilized time.Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc.（分数：15.00）(1).The word “insomnia“ means _.（分数：3.00）A.having trouble falling asleepB.feeling that sleep is enoughC.having no sweats at nig
37、htD.having normal sleep pattern(2).How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph? _.（分数：3.00）A.Five.B.Six.C.Seven.D.Numerous.(3).The expression “Second on the list“ in the second paragraph means _.（分数：3.00）A.the second least important cause of all kinds of sleepless
38、nessB.the second most important cause of sleeplessnessC.the second on the doctor“s list about sleepless peopleD.the second on the writer“s list recording sleeplessness(4).Concerning the use of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true? _（分数：3.00）A.Most adult Americans use sleeping pi
39、lls for sleep.B.Doctors seldom give sleepless people sleeping pills.C.Sleeping pills should be used for a very fixed period.D.Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount.(5).Which of the following does not fit with sleep hygiene? _（分数：3.00）A.Make a rule to go to bed at a specific time every
40、 day.B.Go to bed when sleepy, not always at the same time.C.Try not to drink any caffeine and alcohol in the evening.D.Change bad sleep habits and follow doctors“ advice.八、第五部分：补全短文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)UV Light Causes Skin CancerDon“t laugh if you hear about kids hiding in their basement this summer. The
41、y might have been frightened by a recent report from Europe that liquid sunscreens don“t protect people from the sun“s harmful rays. Researchers kept track of 631 children, some of whom used sunscreen and 1 . The researchers found that the kids who used sunscreen got more sun-caused moles than did t
42、he kids who didn“t use sunscreen. Kids with sun-caused moles are more likely to develop skin cancer later in life. Did sunscreen harm the children? Probably not, the researchers concluded. They believe that the children relied too much on their sunscreen and stayed in the sun too long. Sunscreen is
43、still safe to use, say skin experts, as long as it is used sensibly. Solar Cares Using sunscreen sensibly is more important than ever. Why? Skin experts like Martin Weinstock believe that 2 . Earth“s ozone layer appears to be getting thinner. Ozone is a gas. In the upper atmosphere, ozone blocks muc
44、h of the sun“s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Polluting chemicals are thought to be destroying the ozone in some places. Even though the world“s wealthy countries agreed to stop making polluting chemicals a few years ago, ozone is still disappearing. And that“s bad news, skin experts say, becau
45、se UV light causes skin cancer, and skin cancer is the most common kind of cancer in the United States. More than a million new cases of skin cancer are showing up in the United States every year. Scientists are looking at kids to reverse that trend. Why? Because getting too much sun when you“re a k
46、id seems to set the stage for getting skin cancer when 3 . According to Weinstock, three-quarters of all skin cancers might never develop if people under the age of 18 avoided overexposure to the sun. Glaring Facts What happens when skin meets sun? Light rays, which come in varying wavelengths, stri
47、ke the skin. Visible light consists of wavelengths 4 . Ultraviolet light consists of waves too short to be seen. UV light comes in several varieties, among them UVB and UVA. UVB wavelengths are slightly shorter than UVA wavelengths. Scientists once thought that UVB light was harmful and that UVA lig
48、ht produced a healthful tan. But opinions have changed. Scientists still agree that UVB light causes sunburns. But now they suspect that both kinds of UV light damage the DNA of cells. Moreover, scientists believe that either UVA light or UVB light or both weaken the body“s disease-fighting immune s
49、ystem. The body becomes less capable of repairing damaged cells, and such cells may go on to divide uncontrollably. In other words, 5 Three Little Words To help people avoid getting harmed by the sun, the American Cancer Society has summed up its advice in three words. Slip, Slop and Slap. The words are short for “Slip on a shirt! Slop on the sunscreen! Slap on a hat!“ A. they may become cancerous B. people can see C. you“re older D. UVA is different from UVB E. sunlight is growing more hazardous F. some of whom didn
