1、职称英语卫生类 B级模拟 71及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The government is debating the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining2.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest3.The city
2、 has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint4.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical5.The price of vegetables fluctuates according t
3、o the weather.（分数：1.00）A.jumps.B.risesC.falls.D.changes6.15 I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.（分数：1.00）A.supply.B.reach.C.provide.D.meet7.Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents（分数：1.00）A.displayed.B.shown.C.proved.D.assessed.8.Henry ca
4、nnot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption9.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous10.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect11.About one quarter of the
5、 workers in the country are employed in factories.（分数：1.00）A.thirdB.fourthC.tenthD.fifteenth12.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.（分数：1.00）A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried13.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic14.This i
6、s not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.（分数：1.00）A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic15.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.（分数：1.00）A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.completely二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creat
7、ivityI“ve always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I“ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seve
8、nth grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Alien and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we bad a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,“ which probab
9、ly sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have. And after 30 years, I“m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade. I believe that computers are the most
10、 incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn“t solve on their own. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world“s knowledge. They“re helping us build communities ar
11、ound the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are. Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work“. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but
12、 what makes me “tap-dance to work“ is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime“s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn“t know you could do that with a PC!“ But for all the cool things that a person can do
13、 with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the d
14、eveloped world. I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible. As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no l
15、ess poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn“t take much to make an immense difference in these children“s lives. I“m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world“s toughest problems is possibleand it“s happening every day. We“re see
16、ing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world. I“m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and will
17、ingness to solve tough problems, we“re going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.（分数：7.00）(1).A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of compu
18、ters for his lifetime.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap dancing to work“.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).To Bill Gates“ mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor“s children and the death of the rich“s children.（分
19、数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
20、rongC.Not mentioned(7).Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Eearthquake1. Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of
21、the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of th
22、e quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2. These are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from upward. The highes
23、t scale recorded to date is 8.9. major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0. 3. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth“s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which
24、are the expansion and contraction of the earth“s crust and continental drift. 4. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example
25、, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. 5. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the
26、 changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Earthquakes forecast B. Historical records of earthquakes C. Intensities of earthquakes D. Cause of earthquakes E. Indications of e
27、arthquakes F. Damaging earthquakes（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Not all damage during an earthquake is caused by 1. A. the quake itself B. accurate prediction C. damage of property and loss of lives D. a possible earthquake E. the unusual
28、behaviors of some animals F. the strong behaviors of human beings（分数：1.00）(6).Not all earthquakes are strong enough to cause 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Scientists have been working hard to warn people of 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Earthquakes can be predicted by observing 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分
29、数：15.00)Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadn“t regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to t
30、rees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment. Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that
31、, microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth“s atmosphere and contribute to global warming. In its experiments, Keppler“s team used sealed chambers that contained
32、 the same concentration of oxygen that Earth“s atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material,such as fallen leaves. With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees elsius to 70 de
33、grees . At 30 degrees , they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled. Living plants growing at their normal temper
34、atures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it“s unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experi
35、ments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That“s another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes. The new finding is an “interesting observation,“ says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in
36、St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant“s influence, she notes.（分数：15.00）(1).What was scientists understanding of methane?（分数：3.00）A.It was produced from plants
37、.B.It was not a greenhouse gas.C.It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D.It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.(2).To test whether plants are a sot, roe of methane, the scientists created（分数：3.00）A.a oxygen-free environment.B.an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as t
38、he Earth has.C.a carbon dioxide-free environment.D.an environment filled with the greenhouse gas.(3).Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?（分数：3.00）A.The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B.Living plants release less methane than
39、 dried plants at the same temperature.C.When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D.The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.(4).Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Plants growing in soil release methane.B.Plant
40、s growing in water release methane.C.Soil microbes consume methane.D.Microbes in plants produce methane.(5).What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?（分数：3.00）A.Methane becomes less poisonous.B.Methane is turned into a fertilizer.C.Less methane reaches the atmosp
41、here.D.Air becomes cleaner.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Resea
42、rchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Claes Granqvist. He“s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in
43、 Sweden. “It“s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.“ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they“re stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and
44、temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it“s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually
45、suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows
46、 go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an
47、electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it“s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that mak
48、es a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory“. All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart win
49、dows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,“ Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.“（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?（分数：3.00）A.Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B.Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C.Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D.Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.(2).When are windows the weak link in a building?（分数：3.00）A.In the cold winter.B.In the hot sum
