1、职称英语理工类 C 级真题 2015 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The weather last summer was awful. （分数：1.00）A.badB.fairC.dryD.hot2.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.（分数：1.00）A.messageB.guiltC.obligationD.punishment3.My piano playing has improved significantly sin
2、ce I had a new teacher. （分数：1.00）A.definitelyB.generallyC.certainlyD.greatly4.There is a need for radical changes in education.（分数：1.00）A.revolutionaryB.long-termC.short-termD.systematic5.It frustrates me that Im not able to put any of my ideas into practice. （分数：1.00）A.discouragesB.showsC.surprises
3、D.frightens6.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.（分数：1.00）A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool7.He tried to assemble his thoughts.（分数：1.00）A.gatherB.clearC.shareD.spare8.I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to.（分数：1.00）A.partnerB.driveC.guideD.help9.The doctors did not reveal the t
4、ruth to him.（分数：1.00）A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish10.Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy.（分数：1.00）A.wayB.factorC.objectiveD.source11.He said some harsh words about his brother.（分数：1.00）A.properB.unkindC.normalD.unclear12.Under the terms of the contract, you must g
5、ive 3 months notice before you leave. （分数：1.00）A.subjectsB.expressionsC.wordsD.rules13.Dont tempt thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible. （分数：1.00）A.alarmB.catchC.spotD.attract14.When did you first encounter these difficulties?（分数：1.00）A.createB.presentC.experienceD.resolve15.We need to identi
6、fy the potential problems.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.mainC.immediateD.common二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants Children have an increased risk of attention problems，seen as early as grade school , if their moms inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats
7、the finding of a new study. Released when things arent burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Heal
8、th in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects childrens health. In a new study , she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放） PAHs into the air and lungs, Pereras
9、 team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe（探查） other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid. The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her w
10、omb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked each childs mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（长期的） mental effort, such as homework or games with frien
11、ds. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women studied, traffic and home hea
12、ting were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were pub
13、lished November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE. （分数：7.00）(1).Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health.（分数：1.00
14、）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The blood of each women was tested once a month during pregnancy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Kids with ADHD commonly fail in sc
15、hool.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.（分数：1.00）A.R
16、ightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)1)New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increas
17、e computer processing speeds and power in the future. 2)The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to
18、 data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems. 3)Computers currently use electrons to transfer
19、 information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical
20、signalsonce they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing. 4)“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deli
21、ver and process computer data,“ said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey. 5)“This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as p
22、n-junction devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector - something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster
23、speeds.“ 6)The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances r
24、eported.（分数：8.00）(1).A.Expectation of the discovery B.the problem of current computers C.A new finding D.The purpose of the research E.Public reaction to the discovery F.The use of the new material Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）A.B.
25、C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A.optical information B.processing speeds C.electrons D.positive charges E.data technologies F.all-optical systems The result of the research can help computers to increase _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Current computers transfer information using _（分数：
26、1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).Glass is used in the research to carry and process _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：2，分数：45.00)Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is g
27、ood for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the ca
28、nopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfor
29、tunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers an
30、d pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, fa
31、rmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown“ and “bird friendly.“ Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, oursel
32、ves, and the planet. I think its worth it. （分数：15.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage? （分数：3.00）A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.D.People should buy shade-grown coffee.(2
33、).The function of the word “Traditionally“ in Paragraph 2 is to show_.（分数：3.00）A.the positive effects of coffee.B.a change of coffee growth.C.something that is the most important.D.how coffee production used to be.(3).What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?（分数：3.00）A.More inse
34、cts.B.Better quality coffee.C.Larger farms.D.Higher profits.(4).How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?（分数：3.00）A.They buy more land from other farmers.B.They cut down trees.C.They move to another country.D.They turn grassland into farmland.(5).The full-sun method may affect the f
35、ollowing EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.insectsB.airC.bridsD.humansSoot（煤烟灰）and Snow: a Hot Combination New reasearch from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed globa
36、l warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. Soot in areas with sno
37、w and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.“ said
38、Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo（反照率）, which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also is be
39、lieved to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, “ Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially e
40、ffecntive in warming the worlds climate.“ This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude.“ Hansen noted. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that
41、 greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to bi the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hermisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high lat
42、itudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.It absorbs suns he
43、atB.It is responsible for climate changeC.It reflects sunlightD.It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century(2).Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect?（分数：3.00）A.Ice sea areasB.Areas with black carbonC.Areas covered with white snowD.Melting glaciers(3).“T
44、his forcing“ in Paragraph 5 refers to?（分数：3.00）A.suns heating on snow surfaceB.soots increased absorption of solar energyC.carbon-dioxides warming effectD.snows increased reflection of sunlight(4).What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century?（分数：3.00）A.SootB.SnowC.Greenhouse gas
45、esD.Wind(5).The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with（分数：3.00）A.X sea ice and insufficient sunlightB.light snow cover and sufficient sunlightC.heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlightD.thick sea ice and insufficient sunlight_五、第五部分：补全短文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Explore Jordan Wadi R
46、um is the name given to a valley cut into the sandstone and hard rock in southwest Jordan. _（46） The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic word meaning “high” or “elevated”, The area around Wadi Rum is now also one of Jordans most important tourist destinations, and attracts an increasing numbe
47、r of foreign tourists, particularly trekkers（越野者），but also for camel safaris（旅行） or simply day-trippers from Aqaba or Petra. In contrast, there are almost no local or Arab tourists through Popular activities in the desert environment include camping under the stars ,riding Arab horses ,and rock-clim
48、bing amongst the massive rock formations .Jebal Rum(Jebal means mountain )is 1574 metres above sea level. _（47）. But Jordan is not simply a desert environment it also contains the area which is the lowest point to the face of the Earth the incredible Dead Sea, popular with tourists for swimming. _（4
49、8） Once the waters reach the Dead Sea they are landlocked and have nowhere to go, so they evaporate ,leaving behind a dense ,rich cocktail（混合的）of salts and minerals that supply industry, agriculture in water spa treatments and water therapies. The Dead Sea is located in the syro-African Rift, a 4000-mile fault line in the Earths crust. The lowest point of dry land on Earth is the shoreline of the Dead Sea
