1、职称英语理工类 C 级真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 1-15 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I （grabbed） his arm and made him turn to look at me. （分数：1.00）A.seizedB.threwC.brokeD.stretched2.Traffic reaches its （rush hour） between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. （分数：1.00）A.borderB.goalC.peakD.level3.I
2、t seemed （incredible） that he had been there a week already. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.obviousC.unbelievableD.unclear4.I tried to （detach） myself from the reality of these terrible events. （分数：1.00）A.bringB.separateC.putD.set5.We found （shelter） from the rain under the trees. （分数：1.00）A.defenseB.standingC.p
3、rotectionD.room6.This was an unexceptionally （brutal） attack. （分数：1.00）A.openB.cruelC.suddenD.direct7.She gets （aggressive） when she is drunk. （分数：1.00）A.worriedB.sleepyC.offensiveD.anxious8.We have to change the publics （perception） that money is everything.（分数：1.00）A.sightB.beliefC.interestD.press
4、ure9.The （odd） thing was that he didnt recognize me. （分数：1.00）A.realB.wholeC.strangeD.same10.He was （tempted） by the high salary offered by the company. （分数：1.00）A.taughtB.keptC.attractedD.changed11.That performance was （pretty） impressive. （分数：1.00）A.completelyB.veryC.beautifullyD.equally12.The （fr
5、ame） needs to be strong enough to support the engine. （分数：1.00）A.bottomB.surfaceC.topD.structure13.She （came across） three children sleeping under a bridge. （分数：1.00）A.passed byB.took a notice ofC.woke upD.found by chance14.“There is no other choice,“ she said in a （harsh） voice. （分数：1.00）A.firmB.so
6、ftC.deepD.unkind15.I have little information （as regards） her fitness for the post. （分数：1.00）A.aboutB.atC.withD.from二、第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 16-22 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Wide World of Robots Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补) with machines in the lab and wr
7、ite computer software to control these devices. “Theyre the best toys out there,“ says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a robotics, a person who designs, builds or programs robots. When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, anim
8、als. He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars. Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset
9、s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形). “Snakes are far more interesting than the
10、 cars,“ Choset concluded. After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Chosets team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes
11、usually dont, such as rolling. Chosets snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole. But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patients chest, cutting through the breastbone.
12、 Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake? Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati prac
13、ticed using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs. A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people. Even after 15 years of working with his teams creations, “I still dont get bored of watching the motion of my robots
14、,“ Choset says.（分数：7.00）(1).Choset began to build robots in high school. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Snake robots could move in only four directions. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Choset didnt begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon
15、. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Chosets snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Zenati tes
16、ted the robot on people after using it in pigs. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23-3(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ecosystem 1. The word “ecosystem“ is sh
17、ort for ecological (生态的) system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms (生物) such as plants, animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes, we are a
18、ll members of an ecosystem! 2. There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest. Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation (兴居) between living and non-living things
19、 in a monitored environment, such as a zoo or garden. 3. Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and thats because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow, the p
20、lants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals, microorganisms (微生物) and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function, and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth. 4.
21、Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things. We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist, we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a
22、population. Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species (物种), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem. 5. To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural ha
23、bitat (栖息地) of plants and animals, and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement (搬迁): imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse, overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause des
24、truction of existing plants and animals.（分数：8.00）(1).A. What can we do to help protect ecosystems? B. What are different types of ecosystems? C. What is an ecosystem? D. What destroys ecosystems? E. How does an ecosystem work? F. Why are ecosystems important? Paragraph 2：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Par
25、agraph 3：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(4).Paragraph 5：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. our share of resources B. a biological creature C. a given area D. the maintenance of the ecosystem E. the source of food F. various species In an ecosystem, plants, animals and humans live t
26、ogether in _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Plants are essential in an ecosystem because to other living creatures they are _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Plants, animals and humans are all effective in _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第
27、 4 部分：阅读理解（第 31-45 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Energy and Public Lands The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of U.S. energy production; the U.S. Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing, both on land and on the offshore Outer Continenta
28、l Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual U.S. energy production. In 2000, 32 percent of U.S. oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal lea
29、ses. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered U.S. oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas. Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to U.S. taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for exampl
30、e, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the U.S. Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize ri
31、ghts of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use. Alternative energy production from federal lands lags behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal resources produ
32、ce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from U.S. geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower facilities produce about 17 percent
33、of all hydropower produced in the United States. Because of the growing U.S. thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on the public lands to meet U.S. energy demands is intensifying. Public lands are available for energy development only after t
34、hey have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact mitigation measures may be imposed, or mineral production may be banned altogether.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the main
35、idea of this passage? （分数：3.00）A.Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.B.Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.C.Public lands play an important role in energy production.D.Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.(2).Which of the following st
36、atements is true of public lands in the U.S.? （分数：3.00）A.Half of U.S. energy is produced there.B.Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.C.Most energy resources are reserved there.D.The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.(3).Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower
37、facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that （分数：3.00）A.alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.B.they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.C.geothermal resources are more important than the other two.D.the am
38、ount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.(4).There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because （分数：3.00）A.many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.B.the US is demanding more and more energy.C.quite a few public lan
39、ds are banned for energy development.D.many Americans think public lands are being abused.(5).Public lands can be used for energy development when （分数：3.00）A.they go through the land use planning process.B.energy development restrictions are effective.C.federal land managers grant permissions.D.ther
40、e is enough federal budget.第二篇 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach Our senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world； theyre affected by whats going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten. Psychol
41、ogists have known for decades that whats going on inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this ha
42、ppens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after
43、three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment, the participant look
44、ed at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and aske
45、d to choose which of two words theyd seen a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared
46、 too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says. “This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the dispos
47、al of 6 our motives and needs,” Radel says.（分数：15.00）(1).“Poorer children“ and “hungry people“ are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show （分数：3.00）A.humans senses are influenced by whats going on in their heads.B.they have sharper senses than others.C.they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger.D
48、.humans senses are affected by what they see with their eyes.(2).There was a delay in Radels experiment because （分数：3.00）A.he needed more students to join.B.he didnt prepare enough food for the 42 students.C.he wanted two groups of participants, hungry and non-hungry.D.he didnt want to have the expe
49、riment at noon.(3).Why did the 80 words flash so fast and at so small a size on the screen? （分数：3.00）A.To ensure the participant was unable to perceive anything.B.To guarantee each word came out at the same speed and size.C.To shorten the time of the experiment.D.To make sure the participant had no time to think consciously.(4).Radels experiment discovered that hungry people （分数：3.00）A.were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.B.were better at identifying neutral words.C.were always thinking of food-related
