1、职称英语理工类 C 级模拟 73 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger2.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.solveB.determineC.untieD.comp
2、lete3.The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.（分数：1.00）A.weptB.criedC.ranD.shook4.We have got to abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply5.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.（分数：1.00）A.extendsB.stretchesC.broadensD.traverses6.The c
3、urious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy .（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.worriedC.anxiousD.unhappy7.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.competent8.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argu
4、mentsC.targetsD.stimuli9.Smoking is not permitted in the office.（分数：1.00）A.probablyB.possibleC.admittedD.allowed10.I feel regret about what“s happened.（分数：1.00）A.sorryB.disappointedC.shamefulD.disheartened11.They always mock me because I am ugly.（分数：1.00）A.smile atB.look down onC.belittleD.laugh at1
5、2.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endangeredD.rescued13.They are endeavoring to change society as a whole.（分数：1.00）A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making14.The story was touching .（分数：1.00）A.inspiringB.boringC.movingD.frightening15.Although originally a German inno
6、vation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.（分数：1.00）A.an easyB.a playfulC.an openD.a better二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step c
7、loser to reality, now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt(兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016. But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be us
8、ed widely. A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites, which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth. The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit. Earth-base
9、d solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sun light during daytime and when skies are clear. But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilo-gram of launching things into space, says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. “If you“re talking abo
10、ut it being economically viable or power of the Earth, it“s a tough go.“ he says. Cal Boer man, Solaren“s director of energy services, says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down. “We knew we had to come up with a different, revolutionary design,“ he says. A pat
11、ent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system“s weight, including using inflatable mirrors to focus sunlight on solar cells, so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy. But using minors introduces other challenges, including keeping the solar cells from overheating, says
12、 Schwartz. “You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)because you“re now concentrating a lot of energy in one place,“ he says. According to the company“s patent, Solaren“s solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool. Though Boer man says the company believes it can make spac
13、e-based solar power work, it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy. Laws in California and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years, he points out. “To meet those needs, we“re going to need all types of renewable energy sources,“ he says.（分数：7.0
14、0）(1).Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.（分数：1
15、.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Inflatable mirrors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Space-based solar power will rule
16、 out other forms of renewable energy sources.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Technology Transfer in GermanyWhen it comes to translating b
17、asic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation“s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unify
18、ing east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after techn
19、ologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy m
20、ay sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家), the argument goes, then the
21、 traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. Wh
22、ile this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany“s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer S
23、ociety is now Europe“s largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.（分数：8.00）(1).Pa
24、ragraph 1 1 A. Further Development of the Fraunhofer Society B. Germany“s Success in Translating Technology C. Prosperity of Germany D. Competition Among Fraunhofer Institutes E. Developed and Developing Countries F. Critics of Technology Transfer（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（
25、分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Over the past decade, the German prosperity has decreased because of 1. A. stimulate the economy development in Germany B. deal with industrial problems and create new technologies C. the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology D. the unifying of e
26、ast and west and the economy crisis E. the technology transferring failures F. many such businesses go bankrupt within few years（分数：1.00）(6).The Fraunhofer Society is a network of research institutes which aim to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Some experts think the promotion of transferring technology wastes money
27、 because 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Last year, the Fraunhofer Society merged 1 in Berlin.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Go to the Live Concert or CD Shelf?The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music
28、 world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!“ wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is th
29、at Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert“s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.“ As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians
30、 like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary
31、 for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are m
32、issing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There record
33、ings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today“s live performances, moreover, they can be “consumed“ at a time and place of the listener“s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of t
34、he traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert“s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turnin
35、g the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.“ But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra“s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America“s oldest
36、orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.（分数：15.00）(1).We learn from paragraph 1 that Gilbert“s appointment has _.（分数：3.00）A.incurred criticismB.raised suspicionC.received acclaimD.aroused curiosity(2).Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _.（分数：3.00）A.influentialB.modestC.respectab
37、leD.talented(3).The author believes that the devoted concertgoers _.（分数：3.00）A.ignore the expenses of live performancesB.reject most kinds of recorded performancesC.exaggerate the variety of live performancesD.overestimate the value of live performances(4).According to the text, which of the followi
38、ng is true of recordings?（分数：3.00）A.They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B.They are easily accessible to the general public.C.They help improve the quality of music.D.They have only covered masterpieces.(5).Regarding Gilbert“s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels _.
39、（分数：3.00）A.doubtfulB.enthusiasticC.confidentD.puzzled六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Marvelous MetamaterialsInvisibility cloaks would have remained impossible, forever locked in science fiction, had it not been for the development of metamaterials. In Greek, “meta“ means beyond, and metamaterials can do things
40、 beyond what we see in the natural worldlike shuffle light waves around an object, and then bring them back together. If scientists ever man-age to build a full-fledged invisibility cloak, it will probably be made of metamaterials. “We are creating materials that don“t exist in nature, and that have
41、 a physical phenomenon that doesn“t exist in nature,“ says engineer Dentcho Genov. “That is the most exciting thing.“ Genov designs and builds metamaterialssuch as those used in cloaking, at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, Louisiana. An invisibility cloak will probably not be the first major ac
42、complishment to come from the field of metamaterials. Other applications are just as exciting. In many labs, for example, scientists are working on building a hyperlens. A lens is a device, usually made of glass, that can change the direction of light waves. Lenses are used in microscopes and camera
43、s to focus light, thus allowing a researcher to see small things or a photographer to capture image of things that are far away. A hyperlens, however, would be made of metamaterials. And since metamaterials can do things with light that ordinary materials can“t, the hyperlens would be a powerful too
44、l. A hyperlens would allow researchers to see things at the smallest scale imaginable as small as the wavelength of visible light. Genov points out that the science of metamaterials is driven by the imagination. If someone can think of an idea for a new behavior for light, then the engineers can fin
45、d a way to design a device using metamaterials. “We need people who can imagine,“ he says. Since 2006, many laboratories have been exploring other kinds of metamaterials that don“t involve just visible light. In fact, scientists are finding that almost any kind of wave may respond to metamaterials.
46、At the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain, Jose Sanchez-Dehesa is working with acoustics, or the science of sound. Just as an invisibility cloak shuffles waves of light, an “acoustic“ cloak would shuffle waves of sound in a way that“s not found in nature. In an orchestra hall, for example,
47、an acoustic cloak could redirect the sound waves-so someone sitting behind a column would hear the same concert as the rest of the audience, without distortion. Sanchez-Dehesa, an engineer, recently showed that it“s possible to build such an acoustic cloak, though he doubts we“ll see one any time so
48、on. “In principle, it is possible,“ he says, but it might be impossible to make one, he adds. Other scientists are looking into ways to use larger metamaterials as shields around islands or oil rigs as protection from tsunamis. A tsunami is a giant, destructive wave. The metamaterial would redirect
49、the tsunami around the rig or island, and the wave would resume its journey on the other side without causing any harm.（分数：15.00）(1).What is true for metamaterials?（分数：3.00）A.They will always remain in science fiction.B.They are already a reality.C.They are nonexistent in nature.D.Scientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks.(2).A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens _.（分数：3.00）A.as it can allow scientists to see small thingsB.as it can help photographers to capture images far awayC.even if it is made of ordinary materialsD.as it can he
